Case study on antiretroviral drugs uptake from soil irrigated with contaminated water: Bio-accumulation and bio-translocation to roots, stem, leaves, and fruits

Kunene, Philisiwe Nganaki.; Mahlambi, Precious

doi:10.1016/j.envpol.2023.121004

Cited by 8 publications

(1 citation statement)

References 25 publications

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“…They have been detected in drinking water [ 112 ], surface water [ 113 ], groundwater [ 114 ], marine waters [ 115 ], and soils [ 116 ]. They have also been shown to bio-accumulate in fruits and vegetables [ 117 , 118 ]. Pharmaceuticals can be removed from water using a variety of traditional procedures, including physical, chemical, and biological treatments [ 119 ].…”

Section: Types Of Analytes Extractedmentioning

confidence: 99%

A Review: Subcritical Water Extraction of Organic Pollutants from Environmental Matrices

Yabalak,

Aminzai,

Gizir

et al. 2024

Molecules

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Most organic pollutants are serious environmental concerns globally due to their resistance to biological, chemical, and photolytic degradation. The vast array of uses of organic compounds in daily life causes a massive annual release of these substances into the air, water, and soil. Typical examples of these substances include pesticides, polychlorinated biphenyls (PCBs), and polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons (PAHs). Since they are persistent and hazardous in the environment, as well as bio-accumulative, sensitive and efficient extraction and detection techniques are required to estimate the level of pollution and assess the ecological consequences. A wide variety of extraction methods, including pressurized liquid extraction, microwave-assisted extraction, supercritical fluid extraction, and subcritical water extraction, have been recently used for the extraction of organic pollutants from the environment. However, subcritical water has proven to be the most effective approach for the extraction of a wide range of organic pollutants from the environment. In this review article, we provide a brief overview of the subcritical water extraction technique and its application to the extraction of PAHs, PCBs, pesticides, pharmaceuticals, and others form environmental matrices. Furthermore, we briefly discuss the influence of key extraction parameters, such as extraction time, pressure, and temperature, on extraction efficiency and recovery.

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