Case Study: Performance of a Complex Carbonate Reservoir Under Peripheral Water Injection

Rahman, M.; Sunbul, M.B.; McGuire, M.D.

doi:10.2523/21370-ms

Proceedings of Middle East Oil Show 1991

DOI: 10.2523/21370-ms

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Case Study: Performance of a Complex Carbonate Reservoir Under Peripheral Water Injection

M. Rahman¹,

M.B. Sunbul²,

M.D. McGuire³

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Cited by 2 publications

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“…The net effect has been to leave unswept 20 to 100 feet of oil at the top of the reservoir in the northern third of the field. More drainage points are needed in this zone in order to drain the unswept oil [8].…”

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confidence: 99%

Importance of Sequence Stratigraphic Concepts in Development of Reservoir Architecture in Upper Jurassic Grainstones, Hadriya and Hanifa Reservoirs, Saudi Arabia

McGuire

Koepnick

Markello

et al. 1993

Middle East Oil Show

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The Upper Jurassic Hadriya and Hanifa carbonate grainstone reservoirs in Berri Field, Saudi Arabia, contain large reserves of Saudi Extra Light crude oil. New geologic models of each reservoir have been built using sequence-stratigraphic principles. These new models have a chronostratigraphic architecture which accommodates the facies transitions observed in cores sampled along the ramp-to-basin profile. Each reservoir contains, from oldest to youngest:a highstand systems tract represented by aggrading and prograding grainstones, capped by a type-2 (subaqueous) sequence boundary;a shelf margin wedge systems tract characterized by grainstones showing maximum basinward progradation; anda transgressive systems tract typified by a series of backstepping grainstones capped by a surface of relative drowning. These new models clarify the elements controlling fluid movement within the reservoirs. Introduction Berri field is located about 100 km north of Dhahran in the eastern provence of Saudi Arabia. The anticlinal trap lies partly on and partly offshore, just northeast of Jubail. Of the seven Upper Jurassic reservoirs in this field, the Hanifa and Hadriya are currently under full development because they contain Arabian Extra Light crude (Fig. 1). Both reservoirs have been undergoing peripheral water injection since 1973. In 1988 ARAMCO initiated a joint study with a team from Mobil Research and Development Corporation to construct new geologic models of the Hanifa and Hadriya reservoirs that would eventually be used for reservoir simulation. Sequence stratigraphic principles were used in formulating the new models. Since no high-resolution seismic data was available over Berri Field, sequence stratigraphic interpretations were based solely on core and log data. This included 33 cores and 92 logs in the Hadriya, and 32 cores and 142 logs in the Hanifa. The application of sequence stratigraphic principles led to the recognition of previously undefined reservoir geometries. Subsequent integration of production and engineering data confirmed the importance of these geometries in controlling fluid distribution and movement. The new correlations had an especially profound affect on the three dimensional architecture of the Hanifa reservoir. PALEOGEOGRAPHIC SETTING The Middle Jurassic Arabian Platform was characterized by minimal platform-interior bathymetric relief and by widespread shallow-marine, carbonate sedimentation. Beginning in the Upper Jurassic, however, a series of intrashelf basins and intervening arches were formed (Fig 2). The intrashelf Arabian Basin was separated from the Southern Gulf Basin of Qatar and the United Arab Emirates by the Qatar Arch. P. 489^

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confidence: 99%

Importance of Sequence Stratigraphic Concepts in Development of Reservoir Architecture in Upper Jurassic Grainstones, Hadriya and Hanifa Reservoirs, Saudi Arabia

McGuire

Koepnick

Markello

et al. 1993

Middle East Oil Show

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Streamline-based Production Data Integration Under Realistic Field Conditions: Experience in a Giant Middle-Eastern Reservoir

Qassab

Pavlas

Afaleg

et al. 2003

SPE Annual Technical Conference and Exhibition

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In this paper we apply the streamline-based production data integration method to condition a multimillion cell geologic model to historical production response for a giant Saudi Arabian reservoir. The field has been under peripheral water injection with 16 injectors and 70 producers. There is also a strong aquifer influx into the field. A total of 30 years of production history with detailed rate, infill well and reperforation schedule were incorporated via multiple pressure updates during streamline simulation. Also, gravity and compressibility effects were included to account for water slumping and aquifer support. To our knowledge, this is the first and the largest such application of production data integration to geologic models accounting for realistic field conditions. We have developed novel techniques to analytically compute the sensitivities of the production response in the presence of gravity and changing field conditions. This makes our method extremely computationally efficient. For the field application, the production data integration is carried out in less than 6 hours in a PC.The geologic model derived after conditioning to production response was validated using field surveillance data. In particular, the flood front movement, the aquifer encroachment and bypassed oil locations obtained from the geologic model was found to be consistent with field observations. Finally, an examination of the permeability changes during production data integration revealed that most of these changes were aligned along the facies distribution, particularly the 'good' facies distribution with no resulting loss in geologic realism. TX 75083-3836, U.S.A., fax 01-972-952-9435.

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Case Study: Performance of a Complex Carbonate Reservoir Under Peripheral Water Injection

Cited by 2 publications

References 0 publications

Importance of Sequence Stratigraphic Concepts in Development of Reservoir Architecture in Upper Jurassic Grainstones, Hadriya and Hanifa Reservoirs, Saudi Arabia

Importance of Sequence Stratigraphic Concepts in Development of Reservoir Architecture in Upper Jurassic Grainstones, Hadriya and Hanifa Reservoirs, Saudi Arabia

Streamline-based Production Data Integration Under Realistic Field Conditions: Experience in a Giant Middle-Eastern Reservoir

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