Cash transfers, climate shocks vulnerability and households’ resilience in Togo

Abstract

This paper uses data from the survey of basic wellbeing indicators (2015) to investigate climate-related risk perceived impact on the household’s living standard in Togo. We investigate the data using a subjective approach with a Probit model and a Propensity Score Matching Method. For the majority of households in the sample, the results suggest, on the one hand, a significant impact of climate-related risk on their living standards. On the other hand, the estimation results show that income from activities increases the resilience and reduction of Togo households' climate-related effects. Finally, remittances increase the households' ability to be less climate vulnerable and play a significant role in the household’s resilience building. In terms of public policies, the results imply that a broader consultation and strategy are needed to reduce the consequences of climate related-risks on households in Togo.

Public assistance, survival, and household trust during the containment period of the first wave of the SARS-CoV-2 pandemic in Togo

“…Becker and Ichino ( 2002 ) and Cameron and Trivedi ( 2010 ) listed several matching algorithms that can be used to estimate the average treatment effect on the treated (ATT). In the case of this paper, four results are reported: nearest neighbor, stratification, radius, and kernel matching (see Sodokin 2021 ; Sodokin and Nyatefe 2021 ). Then the results are compared, and the robustness of the estimated impacts of public assistance programs on household survival and trust in Togo are tested.…”

“… a The Republic of Togo has five regions (Maritime, Plateau, Centrale, Kara, and Savanes), and the political and economic capital is Lomé (see Sodokin 2021 ; Sodokin and Nyatefe 2021 ) …”

“…The design of social assistance systems to be risk-informed and responsive to shocks has been globally recognized as a crucial strategy for building resilience. The overall objective is to improve poor households' capacity to overcome, respond to, and withstand shocks of various kinds, such as climate variability (Sodokin and Nyatefe 2021 ) or the SARS-CoV-2 pandemic (Sodokin 2021 ).…”

Access to Microfinance Institutions and Official Banks and the Impact on Small Business in Togo

“…Following Sodokin (2021), Sodokin and Nyatefe (2021), Ghalib and Al-Hattami (2015) replicated by (Mora-Rivera et al, 2019), I can modify equation 1 in such a way to allow estimating the average treatment effect on the treated (ATT) that we can formally express as follow:…”

Climatic shocks and food security among agricultural households in Togo

“…Indeed, between 60.4% and 62.5% of the Togolese population remains food insecure between 2015 and 2020 and nearly 69% are men (FAOSTAT, 2022). Some empirical work on climate change in Togo has focused on its effect on agricultural production or income with varying effects (Ali, 2018;Balaka & Yovo, 2022;Dandonougbo, 2021;Gadédjisso-Tossou et al, 2016;Mikémina, 2013;Soviadan, 2019Soviadan, , 2019 or on household vulnerability (Sodokin & Nyatefe, 2021). However, to our knowledge, none of these studies have analysed the effects of climate shocks on the food security of agricultural households in Togo.…”