Cashew gum, a biopolymer, topically protects oesophageal mucosa in non erosive reflux disease: A promising translational study

Nicolau, Lucas A.D.; Batista‐Lima, Francisco José; Santana, Ana Paula M.; Sales, Thiago M.; Carmo-Neto, João P.; Freitas, Gutierres B.; Oliveira, Taiane Maria de; Medeiros, Jand Venes R.; Silva, Durcilene Alves da; Lee, Chung; Woodland, Philip; Soares, Pedro Marcos Gomes; Vale, Mariana Lima; Santos, Armênio Aguiar dos; Sifrim, Daniel; Souza, Marcellus H.

doi:10.1016/j.carbpol.2019.115205

Cited by 16 publications

(15 citation statements)

References 43 publications

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“…Considering the chemical properties of RAG, it could be possible that this polysaccharide may physically block the influx of extracellular Ca 2+ , perhaps by forming a film in the mucosa, offering topical protection. This has previously been shown to be the case in studies conducted with cashew gum, a biopolymer obtained from the trunk exudate of Anacardium occidentale L. and chemically and structurally similar to RAG, which provided topical protection against an "aggressive" acid solution in laryngeal and esophageal mucosa [70][71][72]. This can be further corroborated by the fact that RAG inhibited the transit of charcoal marker in the normal gastrointestinal transit model, as described above.…”

Section: Ex Vivo Antispasmodic Activitysupporting

confidence: 54%

“…However, the study of this dose is only recommended in exceptional cases [90]. et al [72] did not observe significant changes in these parameters in toxicologic evaluation of acacia gum or cashew gum, respectively. Together, these results, according to the OECD Guideline 423 (2001), suggest low toxicity of RAG, which can be classified as category 5 (substance with LD50 higher than 2000 mg/kg) of the globally harmonized system (GHS).…”

Section: Acute Oral Toxicity Testmentioning

confidence: 99%

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Biopolymer Extracted from Anadenanthera colubrina (Red Angico Gum) Exerts Therapeutic Potential in Mice: Antidiarrheal Activity and Safety Assessment

Araújo

Oliveira²,

Sousa

et al. 2020

Pharmaceuticals

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Anadenanthera colubrina var. cebil (Griseb.) Altschul (Fabaceae family), commonly known as the red angico tree, is a medicinal plant found throughout Brazil’s semi-arid area. In this study, a chemical analysis was performed to investigate the antidiarrheal activity and safety profile of red angico gum (RAG), a biopolymer extracted from the trunk exudate of A. colubrina. Upon FT-IR spectroscopy, RAG showed bands in the regions of 1608 cm−1, 1368 cm−1, and 1029 cm−1, which relate to the vibration of O–H water molecules, deformation vibration of C-O bands, and vibration of the polysaccharide C-O band, respectively, all of which are relevant to glycosidic bonds. The peak molar mass of RAG was 1.89 × 105 g/mol, with the zeta potential indicating electronegativity. RAG demonstrated high yield and solubility with a low degree of impurity. Pre-treatment with RAG reduced the total diarrheal stool and enteropooling. RAG also enhanced Na+/K+-ATPase activity and reduced gastrointestinal transit, and thereby inhibited intestinal smooth muscle contractions. Enzyme-Linked Immunosorbent Assay (ELISA) demonstrated that RAG can interact with GM1 receptors and can also reduce E. coli-induced diarrhea in vivo. Moreover, RAG did not induce any signs of toxicity in mice. These results suggest that RAG is a possible candidate for the treatment of diarrheal diseases.

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Section: Ex Vivo Antispasmodic Activitysupporting

confidence: 54%

Section: Acute Oral Toxicity Testmentioning

confidence: 99%

Biopolymer Extracted from Anadenanthera colubrina (Red Angico Gum) Exerts Therapeutic Potential in Mice: Antidiarrheal Activity and Safety Assessment

Araújo

Oliveira²,

Sousa

et al. 2020

Pharmaceuticals

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“…To evaluate the efficacy of mucosal protective agents in the management of the inflammatory response and the protection of mucosal integrity, the following three compounds were examined: alginate (Luftagastropro; Reckitt Benckiser, United Kingdom), hyaluronic acid (Esoxx One; Alfa Wassermann, Bologna, Italy), and cashew gum 10% (Biotec, Federal University of Piauí, Parnaíba, Brazil), which were isolated and purified as previously described. 22 All the therapeutic agents were administered via the oral route (0.3 mL of each compound) once a day for 3 days, and the animals were euthanized on day 3 postoperation. The larynx was collected to evaluate wet weight, MPO activity, TER baseline, and mucosal permeability.…”

Section: Pharmacological Treatmentmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…21 Additionally, we have demonstrated that cashew gum decreases inflammation in the esophagus and reverses the decrease in epithelial resistance and increase in mucosal permeability that is associated with esophageal inflammation in experimental NERD models. 22 Consequently, we believe cashew gum is a promising agent for the treatment of LPR, that may work through a regurgitation-associated mechanism similar to alginate. 33 In this mechanism, the topical agent associated with gastric refluxate reaches the upper airway tract and forms a temporary shield, which increases the laryngeal pre-epithelial defense.…”

Section: E893mentioning

confidence: 99%

“…However, our literature review found that the effect of hyaluronic acid on the laryngeal mucosa in the context of LPR has not been studied to date 20 . Additionally, we recently found that a natural Brazilian polymer called cashew gum shows beneficial effects on both the esophageal and the laryngeal mucosa in different experimental settings 21–22 . An in vitro study challenged the larynxes of healthy mice with an aggressive solution containing pepsin and bile acids in an acidic medium, and found that topically applied cashew gum protected the laryngeal mucosa against this solution 21 …”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

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Laryngeal Mucosa Alterations in Mice Model of Gastroesophageal Reflux: Effects of Topical Protection

Figueiredo

Sales

Nicolau³

et al. 2020

The Laryngoscope

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Objectives/Hypothesis: The objectives of this study were to evaluate laryngeal inflammation and mucosal integrity in a murine model of reflux disease and to assess the protective effects of topical agents including alginate, hyaluronic acid, and cashew gum. Study Design: Animal study. Methods: A surgical murine model of reflux disease was evaluated at 3 or 7 days postsurgery, and laryngeal samples were collected to measure inflammation (wet weight and myeloperoxidase [MPO]) and mucosal integrity (transepithelial resistance [TER] and mucosal permeability to fluorescein). Additional groups of animals were administered one of several topical agents (alginate, hyaluronic acid, or cashew gum) daily, and laryngeal inflammation and mucosal integrity were evaluated at 3 days postsurgery. Results: At 3 days, and not 7 days postsurgery, we observed increased laryngeal wet weight and MPO, decreased laryngeal TER, and increased laryngeal mucosa permeability. Alginate partially decreased laryngeal inflammation (wet weight and not MPO) and dramatically improved laryngeal mucosal integrity. Conversely, hyaluronic acid eliminated the inflammation; however, it had no effect on laryngeal mucosal integrity impairment. Cashew gum eliminated laryngeal inflammation as well as the impairment in laryngeal mucosal integrity. Conclusions: This study shows that a surgical model of reflux disease induced laryngeal inflammation and impairment in laryngeal barrier function. These observed alterations were partially attenuated by alginate and hyaluronic acid and completely reversed by cashew gum.

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Laryngeal and Esophageal Mucosal Protection Using the Angico Gum Biopolymer in a Mouse Model of Reflux

et al. 2022

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Objective: This study aimed to evaluate the in vivo protective effect of the angico gum biopolymer in reducing the inflammatory response and preserving the integrity of the laryngeal and esophageal mucosa.Study Design: Animal study. Methods: A murine surgical model of gastroesophageal reflux disease was accomplished and subsequently treated with angico gum or omeprazole. On days 3 and 7 post surgery, samples of the larynx and esophagus, respectively, were collected to measure the level of inflammation (wet weight and myeloperoxidase activity) and mucosal integrity (transepithelial electrical resistance and mucosal permeability to fluorescein).Results: Angico gum and omeprazole decreased laryngeal inflammation (wet weight and myeloperoxidase activity) and dramatically improved the integrity of the laryngeal mucosa. It also reduced inflammation (decreased wet weight and myeloperoxidase activity) of the esophagus and preserved the barrier function (inferred by assessing the integrity of the mucosa).Conclusion: This study demonstrates the protective effect of angico gum in an experimental gastroesophageal reflux disease model. Angico gum attenuates inflammation and impairment of the mucosal barrier function not only in the larynx but also in the esophagus.

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Cashew gum, a biopolymer, topically protects oesophageal mucosa in non erosive reflux disease: A promising translational study

Cited by 16 publications

References 43 publications

Biopolymer Extracted from Anadenanthera colubrina (Red Angico Gum) Exerts Therapeutic Potential in Mice: Antidiarrheal Activity and Safety Assessment

Biopolymer Extracted from Anadenanthera colubrina (Red Angico Gum) Exerts Therapeutic Potential in Mice: Antidiarrheal Activity and Safety Assessment

Laryngeal Mucosa Alterations in Mice Model of Gastroesophageal Reflux: Effects of Topical Protection

Laryngeal and Esophageal Mucosal Protection Using the Angico Gum Biopolymer in a Mouse Model of Reflux

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