Cassava (Manihot esculenta Crantz)

Ceballos, Hernán; Hershey, Clair H.

doi:10.1007/978-3-319-59819-2_5

Cited by 15 publications

(12 citation statements)

References 187 publications

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“…These assessments of genetic relationships between the present germplasm reveal significant diversity of cassava varieties in Vietnam. Moreover, most of the Vietnamese genotypes have similar genetic backgrounds and were likely derived from varieties that were introduced from Thailand since the 1990s (Kawano 2003 ; Kim et al 2015 ; Ceballos and Hershey 2017 ), but also reflect gene flows due to movements of asexual seeds among farmers in different geographic origins. Sexual reproduction of cassava varieties offers an additional source of genetic variation, and seed plants (volunteer plants) have been observed in several farmers’ fields (Elias et al 2001 ; Deputié et al 2007 ; Peña-Venegas et al 2014 ).…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…The CIAT conserves this publicly accessible germplasm of 6592 accessions from 28 countries to assure future availability of diversity and genetically enhanced crops that perform optimally in terms of yield stability, nutrition contents, and climate change adaptation (Debouck et al 2011 ). The existing genetic diversity among these germplasm follows natural selection over millennia and also farmer selection enhancement through breeding programs (Hershey and Debouck 2010 ; Ceballos and Hershey 2017 ). In Asia, expanding industrial demands for starch and ethanol have triggered the successful development of new hybrids.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

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DNA fingerprinting reveals varietal composition of Vietnamese cassava germplasm (Manihot esculenta Crantz) from farmers’ field and genebank collections

et al. 2021

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Key message A molecular analysis using informative SNP markers in 1570 clones of cassava from Vietnam reveals varietal composition from farmers’ field and genebank collections Abstract Cassava is the most important smallholder cash crops in Southeast Asia and is especially used in industrial products. Yet, systematic genetic studies on molecular markers from Vietnamese germplasm have not been considered for breeding and conservation programs. We conducted a molecular analysis of 1570 clones of cassava germplasm from farms across six agro-ecological zones using informative SNP markers. We unraveled the genetic diversity and population structure and provided insights into the value of breeding and conservation programs. Duplicated genotypes comprised 98% of the total sample of the Central Highlands region. Ninety-six SNPs were amplified Central Highlands and South East provinces had the highest allelic richness, covering up to 83% of alleles. The average observed heterozygosity (Ho = 0.43) was slightly higher than expected (He = 0.40) across SNP markers, suggesting an excess of heterozygotes plants. Diversity indexes indicated that cassava populations from North West and Eastern Vietnam are genetically diverse (mean He = 0.40). Genetic parentage tests identified 85 unique genetic groups within the varieties KM94, KM419, BRA1305, KM101, KM140, PER262, KM60, KM57 and two unidentified varieties, which accounted for 82% of the frequency distribution. KM94 is the most dominant variety in Vietnamese farms surveyed (38%), reflecting its superior quality and productivity. Discriminant analysis of principal components (DAPC) revealed four main subgroups, which were partially corroborated by neighbor joining (NJ) analyses. After removing duplicates, 31 unique genotypes were distributed across five of the agro-ecological zones. These were well distributed in the subgroups revealed via DAPC and NJ analyses. The genetic groups identified herein could be used to select unique accessions that should ideally conform with ex situ germplasm collections and identify areas where on-farm conservation programs should be targeted. Newly identified genotypes may also contribute as genetic breeding resources that could be used to adapt cassava to future changes and farmers’ needs.

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Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

DNA fingerprinting reveals varietal composition of Vietnamese cassava germplasm (Manihot esculenta Crantz) from farmers’ field and genebank collections

et al. 2021

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“…CFSD is not associated with symptoms in leaves or stems in most cassava genotypes. Therefore, the disease is commonly propagated via the distribution of stem cuttings (stakes), from plants that can actually have severely affected roots [ 25 ]. The characteristic root symptoms that give the disease its name occur in the storage roots of the cassava plant.…”

Section: Symptoms Transmission and Geographical Distributionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Cassava Frogskin Disease: Current Knowledge on a Re-Emerging Disease in the Americas

Pardo

Álvarez

López-Lavalle

et al. 2022

Plants

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Cassava frogskin disease (CFSD) is a graft-transmissible disease of cassava reported for the first time in the 1970s, in Colombia. The disease is characterized by the formation of longitudinal lip-like fissures on the peel of the cassava storage roots and a progressive reduction in fresh weight and starch content. Since its first report, different pathogens have been identified in CFSD-affected plants and improved sequencing technologies have unraveled complex mixed infections building up in plants with severe root symptoms. The re-emergence of the disease in Colombia during 2019–2020 is again threatening the food security of low-income farmers and the growing local cassava starch industry. Here, we review some results obtained over several years of CFSD pathology research at CIAT, and provide insights on the biology of the disease coming from works on symptoms’ characterization, associated pathogens, means of transmission, carbohydrate accumulation, and management. We expect this work will contribute to a better understanding of the disease, which will reflect on lowering its impact in the Americas and minimize the risk of its spread elsewhere.

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“…It is native from the Northern Amazonian basin [2], [3] and was probably introduced into West Africa (Gulf of Guinea) in the 16th century by Portuguese [4]. It was spread quickly thanks to its resilience, flexibility of harvest and diversity of uses [5], [6]. Cassava is the second most important root and tuber crop after the potato (Solanum tuberosum L.) with a global production of more than 303 million tons in 2019.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Evaluation of Ten Cassava Varieties for Resistance to Cassava Mosaic Disease in Burkina Faso

Soro¹,

Somé²,

Tiendrébéogo³

et al. 2021

ujar

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The whitefly-transmitted cassava mosaic disease (CMD) caused by cassava mosaic geminiviruses (CMGs) is the most important disease threatening the production of cassava (Manihot esculenta Crantz). Among the main measures for controlling CMD, the use of resistant varieties seems to be among the best methods. This study was conducted in 2017/2018 cassava growing season at three locations to evaluate the level of resistance to CMD of 7 elite cassava varieties widely used by farmers and 3 local cassava varieties cultivated in Burkina Faso. Both morphological and molecular markers were used to screen these varieties against CMGs infection. Morphological markers revealed 8 varieties as highly resistant (TMS 91/02312, TMS 92/0067, TMS 92/0325, TMS 92/0427, TMS 4(2)1425, TMS 94/0270, TMS 30572 and Boborola) whilst the two others (Nouhao and Santidougou) were resistant. The molecular markers linked to CMD1 and CMD2 genes were detected in all varieties. The molecular marker associated with CMD3 gene was detected only in the 8 highly resistant varieties. However, whitefly number per plant and disease pressure were low during this study. It was, therefore, concluded that a better assessment of resistance of cassava varieties to CMD in Burkina Faso could be obtained by combining agro-inoculation and molecular screening.

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Cassava (Manihot esculenta Crantz)

Cited by 15 publications

References 187 publications

DNA fingerprinting reveals varietal composition of Vietnamese cassava germplasm (Manihot esculenta Crantz) from farmers’ field and genebank collections

DNA fingerprinting reveals varietal composition of Vietnamese cassava germplasm (Manihot esculenta Crantz) from farmers’ field and genebank collections

Cassava Frogskin Disease: Current Knowledge on a Re-Emerging Disease in the Americas

Evaluation of Ten Cassava Varieties for Resistance to Cassava Mosaic Disease in Burkina Faso

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