Casting light on the pathway to betalain biosynthesis: A review

Tossi, Vanesa; Tosar, Leandro Martínez; Pitta‐Alvarez, Sandra I.; Causin, Humberto F.

doi:10.1016/j.envexpbot.2021.104464

Cited by 18 publications

(6 citation statements)

References 98 publications

Supporting

Mentioning

Contrasting

Order By: Relevance

“…1A and B ). Numerous studies have shown that betalain and anthocyanin pigments cannot coexist within the same plant, suggesting an antagonistic relationship [ 84 , 85 ]. Betalains comprise two classes of compounds: betaxanthins and betacyanins, which give rise to yellow and violet bracts, respectively [ 29 , 30 ].…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

A high-quality Bougainvillea genome provides new insights into evolutionary history and pigment biosynthetic pathways in the Caryophyllales

Lan

Zhao

et al. 2023

Horticulture Research

View full text Add to dashboard Cite

Bougainvillea is a perennial ornamental shrub that is highly regarded in ornamental horticulture around the world. However, the absence of genome data limits our understanding of the pathways involved in bract colouration and breeding. Here, we report a chromosome-level assembly of the giga-genome of Bougainvillea × buttiana ‘Mrs. Butt’, a cultivar thought to be the origin of many other Bougainvillea cultivars. The assembled genome is ~5 Gb with a scaffold N50 of 151,756,278 bp and contains 86,572 genes which undergone a recent WGD. We confirmed that multiple rounds of whole genome multiplication have occurred in the evolutionary history of the Caryophyllales, reconstructed the relationship in the Caryophyllales at whole genome level, and found discordance between species and gene trees as the result of complex introgression events. We investigated betalain and anthocyanin biosynthetic pathways and found instances of independent evolutionary innovations in the nine different Caryophyllales species. To explore the potential formation mechanism of diverse bract colours in Bougainvillea, we analyzed the genes involved in betalains and anthocyanins biosynthesis and found extremely low expression of ANS and DFR genes in all cultivars, which may limit anthocyanin biosynthesis. Our findings indicate that the expression pattern of the betalain biosynthetic pathway did not directly correlate with the bract colour, and the higher expression level in the betalain biosynthetic pathway is required for the coloured bract. The improved understanding of the correlation between gene expression and bract colour allows plant breeding outcomes to be predicted with greater certainty.

show abstract

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

A high-quality Bougainvillea genome provides new insights into evolutionary history and pigment biosynthetic pathways in the Caryophyllales

Lan

Zhao

et al. 2023

Horticulture Research

View full text Add to dashboard Cite

show abstract

“…These two genes might also be involved in betalain transport and be responsible for the intensity of bract color in Bougainvillea . Additionally, several studies showed that CYP76AD5/6/1 is required for the initial tyrosine hydroxylation to L-DOPA , and CYP76AD1 is required for the conversion of L-DOPA to cDOPA in beet betalain biosynthesis ( Tanaka et al., 2008 ; Gandía-Herrero and García-Carmona, 2013 ; Ohno et al., 2021 ; Tossi et al., 2021 ). Our findings of high Ab value-biased expressed DEG genes CYP716A and CYP76C encoding cytochrome P450 might participate in betalain coloration of B. glabra bract.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Pantranscriptome combined with phenotypic quantification reveals germplasm kinship and regulation network of bract color variation in Bougainvillea

Huang

Ju²,

Wei³

et al. 2022

Front. Plant Sci.

View full text Add to dashboard Cite

Bracts are the metamorphic non-flower organ in angiosperm plants. The variation of the color and shape of bracts was found to be neo-functionalized (i.e., similar to petals), garnering research interest as a pollinator attractor. Bougainvillea is known for its specialized, large, and colorful bracts, which contrast with its tiny colorless flowers. As a plant whose bracts vary greatly in terms of coloration, the molecular mechanisms for Bougainvillea bract coloration and polychroism are largely unknown. The lack of genomic information for Bougainvillea largely hinders studies into the evolution and genetic basis of bract color variation. In this study, a pan-transcriptome of bracts obtained from 18 Bougainvillea glabra accessions was employed to investigate the global population-level germplasm kinship and the gene regulation network for bract color variation. Our results showed that the bracts of B. glabra accessions have largely differentiated International Commission on Illumination (CIE) L-a-b values. Moreover, germplasm kinship detected using principal component analysis, phylogeny, and admixture analysis showed three optimal subgroups, two of them distinctly clustered, which were not directly correlated with bract color variation at the population level. Differentially expressed genes (DEGs) between accessions of high vs. low L-a-b values revealed several considerable upregulated genes related to bract color L-a-b variation. A weighted gene co-expression network was constructed, and eight co-expressed regulation modules were identified that were highly correlated with variation in bract CIE L-a-b color values. Several candidate DEGs and co-expressed hub genes (e.g., GERD, SGR, ABCA3, GST, CYP76AD1, CYP76C, and JAZ) that were tightly associated with bract color variation were eventually determined responsible for L-a-b colorations, which might be the core regulation factors contributing to the B. glabra bract color variation. This study provides valuable insights into the research on germplasm kinship, population-level pan-transcriptome expression profiles, and the molecular basis of color variation of key innovative bracts in horticultural Bougainvillea.

show abstract

“…Although it is generally accepted that light has a positive effect on betalain accumulation [36], the biosynthetic pathway by which betalain accumulates has not been elucidated [36]. Only some enzymes such as tyrosinase, DOPA oxidase and glucosyltrans-ferases have been known for their involvement in the short biosynthetic pathway from tyrosine to betanin [37], but it is unclear whether any of these enzymes are induced by light.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Light Spectrum Effects on the Ions, and Primary and Secondary Metabolites of Red Beets (Beta vulgaris L.)

Park

Son

et al. 2022

Agronomy

View full text Add to dashboard Cite

Red beet (Beta vulgaris L.) is a root vegetable consumed and cultivated all around the world. It contains plenty of sugars, inorganic ions and a variety of secondary metabolites known to improve human health. The aim of this work was to investigate the effect of light spectra on red beets and their components in a vertical farm (VF) compared to open field (OF). RED (red:blue-white = 4:1)-treated shoots elevated total phenolic contents (TPC) among lights. Sugar content in VF red beets was 4.2 times higher than beets from OF. Betalains in VF red beets were 2.4–2.8 times higher than OF ones, and RED-treated roots had significantly higher betalain levels compared to CON (red:blue-white = 2:1)-treated ones. VF red beets contained a higher level of inorganic nitrates and lower chloride compared to OF beets. In conclusion, the light spectrum alters the concentration of beet components to be higher than that of OF red beets, and RED light elevated TPC, sugars and betalains.

show abstract

Casting light on the pathway to betalain biosynthesis: A review

Cited by 18 publications

References 98 publications

A high-quality Bougainvillea genome provides new insights into evolutionary history and pigment biosynthetic pathways in the Caryophyllales

A high-quality Bougainvillea genome provides new insights into evolutionary history and pigment biosynthetic pathways in the Caryophyllales

Pantranscriptome combined with phenotypic quantification reveals germplasm kinship and regulation network of bract color variation in Bougainvillea

Light Spectrum Effects on the Ions, and Primary and Secondary Metabolites of Red Beets (Beta vulgaris L.)

Contact Info

Product

Resources

About