“…Particularly in the rio Madeira basin, five species of Characidium were described: Characidium barbosai, Flausino‐Junior, Lima, Machado & Melo, C. bolivianum Pearson, Characidium heinianum Zarske & Géry, Characidium schindleri Zarske & Géry and Characidium summum Zanata & Ohara. In addition, various species of Characidium not identified at the species level or with imprecise identification were cited to occur in the Madeira basin ( e.g ., Casatti et al ., 2013; Costa et al ., 2017; Hablützel, 2012; Ohara et al ., 2013; Vieira et al ., 2016). The high number of unidentified and possibly new species of Characidium cited in the literature, allied to the low number of species already described in the Madeira basin, indicates the poor taxonomic knowledge of the genus in that river basin.…”