Catalysis reaction influence on 3D tetra hybrid nanofluid flow via oil rig solar panel sheet: Case study towards oil extraction

Sajid, Tanveer; Jamshed, Wasim; Algarni, Salem; Alqahtani, Talal; Eid, Mohamed R.; Irshad, Kashif; Altamirano, Gilder Cieza; Eldin, Sayed M.; Tajer, Khadiga Wadi Nahar

doi:10.1016/j.csite.2023.103261

Cited by 24 publications

(1 citation statement)

References 41 publications

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“…The availability of renewable resources is inexhaustible, and they can be substituted for conventional fuels [28,29]. However, relying solely on renewable methods, such as wind turbines or independent photovoltaic cells, is not a viable approach to energy generation because of their intermittent and less enduring nature [30]. These challenges can be resolved through the integration of energy sources with a supplementary unit in the form of a durable and cost-effective hybrid system [31,32].…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Techno-Environmental Evaluation and Optimization of a Hybrid System: Application of Numerical Simulation and Gray Wolf Algorithm in Saudi Arabia

Alghamdi,

Alviz-Meza

2023

Sustainability

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Renewable energy systems have the potential to address increasing energy demand, mitigate environmental degradation, and decrease reliance on fossil fuels. Wind and solar power are examples of renewable energy sources that are characterized by their cleanliness, environmental friendliness, and sustainability. The combination of wind and solar energy is motivated by each energy source’s inherent variability. The objective of this study is to assess the technical, economic, and environmental aspects of a hybrid system designed to provide energy. This study utilizes numerical simulation and develops a novel model using the gray wolf optimization (GWO) algorithm to assess the technical, economic, and environmental consequences of adopting a hybrid system. The evaluation focused on determining the optimal configuration of a greenhouse unit in Najran, Saudi Arabia, over a period of 20 years. The results showed that the diesel generator produced 42% of the required energy when combined with photovoltaic generators, while photovoltaics produced 58%. The wind turbine generated 23% of the required power while the remaining 77% was produced by the diesel generator. Finally, diesel generators, photovoltaics, wind turbines were observed to generate 37%, 48%, and 15% of the required energy, respectively. This outcome is consistent with current knowledge because solar and wind systems reduce pollution. However, the diesel generator–photovoltaic–wind mode is the preferred method of reducing emissions. Finally, the rate of return on investment for diesel generators is 3.4 years, while for diesel-photovoltaic generators and the triple array it is 2.5 and 2.65 years, respectively.

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