Catalyst-free production of alkyl esters from microalgae via combined wet in situ transesterification and hydrothermal liquefaction (iTHL)

Kim, Bora; Park, Jeongseok; Son, Jeesung; Lee, Jae Woo

doi:10.1016/j.biortech.2017.07.129

Cited by 26 publications

(4 citation statements)

References 42 publications

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“…The direct conversion of crude and wet microalgae into FAME without drying processes was developed by combining in situ interesterification reaction and hydrothermal liquefaction under sub- or supercritical conditions. 87 The cultivated microalgae with 80 w/w% humidity can be transferred into corresponding biodiesels, where the mass ratio of FAME to biocrude is 0.92 using the mixture of 1,2-dichloroethane and alcohol as the solvent at 200 °C. It was demonstrated that Cl-containing solvents play a key role in transesterification as it can be decomposed to HCl as an in situ acid promoter.…”

Section: Biodiesel Production Via the Catalytic-free Processes Of Bio...mentioning

confidence: 99%

Catalyst-free valorization of biomass resources to value-added products

Zhao,

Ge,

et al. 2024

Green Chem.

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Section: Biodiesel Production Via the Catalytic-free Processes Of Bio...mentioning

confidence: 99%

Catalyst-free valorization of biomass resources to value-added products

Zhao,

Ge,

et al. 2024

Green Chem.

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“…Kim et al [130] found that dichloroethane was the most efficient solvent for the transesterification of Nannochloropsis gaditana with ethanol without a catalyst, resulting in an ester yield of 91.85%. The use of other solvents, such as dichloromethane and chloroform, gives a lower yield of ethyl esters.…”

Section: Use Of Solvents To Increase the Effectiveness Of Transesteri...mentioning

confidence: 99%

Application of Microalgae Biomass for Biodiesel Fuel Production

Makarevičienė

Sendžikienė

2022

Energies

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Recently, there has been a growing interest in the use of new types of cheaper raw materials for biodiesel production. There are many prospects for microalgae, which do not compete for land with conventional biodiesel raw materials, are characterized by rapid reproduction and high biomass accumulation, and under certain conditions, some are able to accumulate a large amount of oil. A number of studies have been conducted on the extraction of oil from microalgae cells and transesterification with various acyl receptors. This paper provides an overview of the results of research on microalgal biomass preparation and oil extraction. Indicators of the quality of the oil are presented and its suitability for biodiesel synthesis is analyzed. The homogeneous and heterogeneous catalysts used for oil transesterification are described and the optimal conditions of the process when using various alcohols as acyl receptors are presented. Much attention is paid to the parameters affecting the transesterification efficiency and biodiesel yield. The physical and chemical, and operational and environmental properties of biodiesel obtained from algae oil are analyzed. The evaluation of the economic efficiency of biodiesel synthesis is also presented.

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“…To overcome the energy-intensive drying process for algal feedstocks, using a water-organic solvent mixture (co-solvent) is an alternative in HTL treatment. Solvent penetration helps to extract lipids from algal cells, and the biphasic mixture enables hydrophilic ions to remain in the aqueous phase, reducing post-treatment steps [26]. Moreover, the role of water as a reactant in the HTL process is critical, and the solubility of products in the water is important.…”

Section: Htl Of Algal Biomass With Alcohol Co-solventsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Use of Co-Solvents in Hydrothermal Liquefaction (HTL) of Microalgae

et al. 2019

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This study reviewed and summarized the literature regarding the use of alcohols during hydrothermal liquefaction (HTL) of algal biomass feedstocks. The use of both pure alcohols and alcohol-water co-solvents were considered. Based upon this review, laboratory experiments were conducted to investigate the impacts of different alcohol co-solvents (ethanol, isopropanol, ethylene glycol, and glycerol) on the HTL treatment of a specific saltwater microalga (Tetraselmis sp.) at two temperatures: 300 °C and 350 °C. Based on their performance, two co-solvents, isopropanol and ethylene glycol, were selected to explore the effects of varying solvent concentrations and reaction temperatures on product yields and biocrude properties. The type and amount of added alcohol did not significantly affect the biocrude yield or composition. Biocrude yields were in the range of 30–35%, while a nearly constant yield of 21% insoluble products was observed, largely resulting from ash constituents within the algal feedstock. The benefits of using alcohol co-solvents (especially isopropanol) were the reduced viscosity of the biocrude products and reduced rates of viscosity increase with biocrude aging. These effects were attributed mainly to the physical properties of the co-solvent mixtures (solubility, polarity, density, etc.) rather than chemical processes. Under the reaction conditions used, there was no evidence that the co-solvents participated in biocrude production by means of hydrogen donation or other chemical processes. Recovery and recycling of the co-solvent present various challenges, depending upon the type and amount of the co-solvent that is used. For example, glycol solvents are recovered nearly completely within the aqueous product stream, whereas simple alcohols are partitioned between the biocrude and aqueous product streams. In commercial applications, the slight benefits provided by the use of co-solvents must be balanced by the challenges of co-solvent recovery and recycling.

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Catalyst-free production of alkyl esters from microalgae via combined wet in situ transesterification and hydrothermal liquefaction (iTHL)

Cited by 26 publications

References 42 publications

Catalyst-free valorization of biomass resources to value-added products

Catalyst-free valorization of biomass resources to value-added products

Application of Microalgae Biomass for Biodiesel Fuel Production

Use of Co-Solvents in Hydrothermal Liquefaction (HTL) of Microalgae

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