Catalyst screening for conversion of glycerol to light olefins

Zakaria, Zainoha; Linnekoski, Juha; Amin, Nor Aishah Saidina

doi:10.1016/j.cej.2012.07.072

Cited by 176 publications

(105 citation statements)

References 51 publications

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“…For fresh calcined ZSM-5 catalyst, the main peaks were observed at 2θ =8.04 o , 2θ =8.89 o , and 2θ =23.2 o . The peak position and intensity of the catalyst were in good accord with the previously reported spectrum of the zeolite [11,33,34]. There was no obvious difference between the bulk structures of fresh calcined ZSM-5 and fresh calcined ZSM-5-Zn.…”

Section: -1 Surface Acidity and Carbon Content Analysissupporting

confidence: 89%

“…This mainly resulted from the framework of bridged hydroxyl groups. The O-H group might originate from the framework of Al or the adsorbed water [11]. The O-H group indicated the existence of the catalytic activity.…”

Section: -3 Ft-ir Spectramentioning

confidence: 99%

“…ZnCl 2 is a moderate strength Lewis acid that has high activity and stereoselectivity. It is nontoxic, cost effective and easily available [10,11]. Lewis acid-Lewis acid catalysts are one type of bifunctional catalysts.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

See 2 more Smart Citations

Catalytic cracking of inedible camelina oils to hydrocarbon fuels over bifunctional Zn/ZSM-5 catalysts

Zhao

Wei

Julson

et al. 2015

Korean J. Chem. Eng.

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Catalytic cracking of camelina oils to hydrocarbon fuels over ZSM-5 and ZSM-5 impregnated with Zn 2+ (named bifunctional catalyst) was individually carried out at 500 o C using a tubular fixed-bed reactor. Fresh and used catalysts were characterized by ammonia temperature-programmed desorption (NH 3 -TPD), X-ray diffractometer (XRD), Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy (FTIR), scanning electron microscope (SEM) and nitrogen isothermal adsorption/desorption micropore analyzer. The effect of catalysts on the yield rate and qualities of products was discussed. The loading of Zn 2+ to ZSM-5 provided additional acid sites and increased the ratio of Lewis acid site to Brøn-sted acid site. BET results revealed that the surface area and pore volume of the catalyst decreased after ZSM-5 was impregnated with zinc, while the pore size increased. When using the bifunctional catalyst, the pH value and heating value of upgraded camelina oils increased, while the oxygen content and moisture content decreased. Additionally, the yield rate of hydrocarbon fuels increased, while the density and oxygen content decreased. Because of a high content of fatty acids, the distillation residues of cracking oils might be recycled to the process to improve the hydrocarbon fuel yield rate.

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Section: -1 Surface Acidity and Carbon Content Analysissupporting

confidence: 89%

Section: -3 Ft-ir Spectramentioning

confidence: 99%

See 1 more Smart Citation

Catalytic cracking of inedible camelina oils to hydrocarbon fuels over bifunctional Zn/ZSM-5 catalysts

Zhao

Wei

Julson

et al. 2015

Korean J. Chem. Eng.

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“…Approximately 1 kg of glycerol is generated per 10 kg of biodiesel produced. Various methods have been used for the disposal or utilization of crude glycerol (CG), including direct combustion [2,3], fertilizer [4,5], animal feed [6,7], or anaerobic digestion feedstock [5,8], and thermo-chemical or biological conversion to value added products [9][10][11][12][13][14]. However, with the rapid expansion of the biodiesel industry, the market is now flooded with excessive CG and any increase in biodiesel production rates will significantly raise the quantity of glycerol above the current market demands and decrease its economic value.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Preparation of sludge-derived KOH-activated carbon for crude glycerol purification

Hunsom

Autthanit

2015

J Mater Cycles Waste Manag

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Activated carbon (AC) was prepared from wastewater treatment sludge by KOH activation and then used for the adsorptive purification of crude glycerol (CG). The effect of different KOH: char (w/w) ratios (1-6), KOH soaking times (5-25 h), and activation temperatures (500-900°C) on the surface properties of the obtained sludge-derived ACs and their adsorption capacity for impurities in H 3 PO 4 pretreated CG was explored. The preparation conditions affected the textural properties and surface chemistry of the sludge-derived AC and its efficiency in the adsorptive purification of CG. Oxygen-containing surface functional groups, particularly carbonyl groups, as well as the textural properties, played a more important role in the adsorptive purification of CG. Among the sludge-derived ACs, the one impregnated at a KOH: char (w/w) ratio of 5.0 for 25 h and then activated at 800°C exhibited the most suitable surface properties for the purification of pretreated CG, attaining a 93.0 % (w/w) glycerol level at an AC dose of 67 g/L for 2 h with agitation at 250 rpm. The AC adsorption of impurities from the pretreated CG followed the Langmuir isotherm. However, the reusability of the used AC by hexane or diethyl ether extraction was not suitable.

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“…Ethylene and propylene selectivity can also be improved based on ZSM-5 additives [2]. Likewise this zeolite has been successfully tested in NO x reduction [3], glycerol conversion [3,4] and in the Methanol-To-Olefins process [5]. Barely reactive σ C-H and σ C-C bonds in saturated hydrocarbons have been activated by means of zeolite catalysts [6].…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Insights to Achieve a Better Control of Silicon-Aluminum Ratio and ZSM-5 Zeolite Crystal Morphology through the Assistance of Biomass

et al. 2016

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Abstract:The present study attempts to provide insights for both the chemical composition (Si/Al) and the crystal morphology of ZSM-5 zeolites while using biomass template compounds in the synthesis. The solution containing biomass-derivative compounds was obtained after treating biomass in a sodium hydroxide aqueous solution under reflux. The latter alkaline solution was used as a solvent for zeolite nuclei ingredients to form the gel phase under hydrothermal conditions (170˝C during 24, 48 or 72 h). This approach allowed for preparing MFI zeolites having a broad range of Si/Al ratio, i.e., from 25 to 150. Likewise, MFI crystals with different morphologies could be obtained, being different from the pristine zeolite formed in the absence of biomass.

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Catalyst screening for conversion of glycerol to light olefins

Cited by 176 publications

References 51 publications

Catalytic cracking of inedible camelina oils to hydrocarbon fuels over bifunctional Zn/ZSM-5 catalysts

Catalytic cracking of inedible camelina oils to hydrocarbon fuels over bifunctional Zn/ZSM-5 catalysts

Preparation of sludge-derived KOH-activated carbon for crude glycerol purification

Insights to Achieve a Better Control of Silicon-Aluminum Ratio and ZSM-5 Zeolite Crystal Morphology through the Assistance of Biomass

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