Catalytic Air Freshening Diffusers Based on Isopropyl Alcohol - A Major Source of Acetone Indoors

Geiss, Otmar; Cacho, Carmen; Barrero-Moreno, Josefa

doi:10.4209/aaqr.2013.02.0051

Cited by 5 publications

(3 citation statements)

References 20 publications

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“…Salthammer and Fuhrmann () as well as Auvinen and Wirtanen () determined the formation of formaldehyde, acetaldehyde, and acetone from photocatalytic wall paints. Air cleaning devices which operate in accordance with the photocatalytic principle are also sources of highly volatile carbonyl compounds (Geiss et al., ; Mo et al., ). The use of methyl bromide for insect control leads to the formation of methyl sulfide and dimethyl sulfide through its reaction with hydrogen sulfide in walls which contain gypsum.…”

Section: Sources Of Vvocsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Very volatile organic compounds: an understudied class of indoor air pollutants

Salthammer

2014

Indoor Air

131

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Very volatile organic compounds (VVOCs), as categorized by the WHO, are an important subgroup of indoor pollutants and cover a wide spectrum of chemical substances. Some VVOCs are components of products commonly used indoors, some result from chemical reactions and some are reactive precursors of secondary products. Nevertheless, there is still no clear and internationally accepted definition of VVOCs. Current approaches are based on the boiling point, and the saturation vapor pressure or refer to analytical procedures. A significant problem is that many airborne VVOCs cannot be routinely analyzed by the usually applied technique of sampling on Tenax TA â followed by thermal desorption GC/MS or by DNPH-sampling/ HPLC/UV. Some VVOCs are therefore often neglected in indoor-related studies. However, VVOCs are of high significance for indoor air quality assessment and there is need for their broader consideration in measurement campaigns and material emission testing. This is an open access article under the terms of the Creative Commons Attribution-NonCommercial-NoDerivs License, which permits use and distribution in any medium, provided the original work is properly cited, the use is non-commercial and no modifications or adaptations are made. T. SalthammerThe copyright line for this article was changed on 8th January 2015 after original online publication.Received for review 28 September 2014. Accepted for publication 26 November 2014. Practical ImplicationsSo far, many very volatile organic compounds (VVOCs) are insufficiently considered, although they are of importance for the evaluation of indoor air quality and building product emissions. Moreover, an appropriate definition of VVOCs does not exist. Therefore, it is the purpose of this publication to shift VVOCs more into the focus of indoorrelated research. Potential VVOCs, their sources, indoor air concentrations, and analytical procedures are critically discussed.

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Section: Sources Of Vvocsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Very volatile organic compounds: an understudied class of indoor air pollutants

Salthammer

2014

Indoor Air

131

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“…Isopropyl alcohol CH 3 CH(OH)CH 3 , a common fuel in catalytic air freshening diffusers (Geiss et al, 2014), is one of the two isomers of propanol while the other is 1-propyl alcohol with the formula CH 3 CH 2 CH 2 OH. Isopropyl is conventionally produced via hydration reaction involving propene and water or via hydrogenation of acetone.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Energy Saving and Pollution Reduction by Adding Water Containing Iso-Butanol and Iso-Propyl Alcohol in a Diesel Engine

Tsai

Lin

Mwangi

et al. 2015

Aerosol Air Qual. Res.

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In this study, two diesel blends with different iso-butanol and isopropyl alcohol ratios, 5% iso-propanol with 15% isobutanol and 1% iso-propanol and 19% iso-butanol, were used and compared against the performance of petroleum diesel as a base fuel. Additionally, water addition strategy was included for further comparison. Brake specific fuel consumption (BSFC) increased with increasing ratios of iso-butanol and water fractions, since the heating value decreased resulting in more fuel being combusted to maintain the same power output. On the other hand, brake thermal efficiency (BTE) increased with increasing water content. Specifically, P5B15W1 had a higher BTE than regular diesel at low engine loads (12 kW and 25 kW-LS). Compared to the regular diesel, the results show that in-cylinder pressures slightly increased while HRR had longer ignition delay with higher iso-butanol and water content. For the two different ratios of blended diesel, P1B19 registered NO x emission reductions factors by about 12-35% compared regular diesel due to its low heating value and combustion temperature, while those for P5B15 were reduced 8-33% in comparison to regular diesel. For CO and PM emission factors, P5B15 had better performance than P1B19 which showed 13-37% and 37-50% lower than regular diesel, respectively. However, HC emission factors were all greater than those of regular diesel with the highest increase being from P1B19. This diesel blend, P1B19 showed 6-30% and 3-10% higher HC emission factors than regular diesel and P5B15, respectively. For water containing blends, NO x emission factors decreased with an increase in water content. The trends for CO and PM emission factors were similar to those of non-water containing diesel blends. P5B15W1 had largest decrease which showed 5-17% and 7-26% lower CO and PM than regular diesel, respectively. Notably, the CO and PM emission factors are all higher than non-water contain blended diesel. As for HC, P5B15W1 had an increase of about 26-51%. Moreover, the total-PAHs emission factors between two different ratios of blended diesel were compared whereby P5B15 had 12-22% lower than P1B19. Besides, total-BaPeq emission factors are similar to totalPAHs emission, which P5B15 had largest reduction by 28-44%. In summary, P5B15 would be a best choice in terms of PM reduction, while the best choice for NOx control would be P1B19W0.5 blend. Ultimately, further economic feasibility studies are recommended for an overall performance evaluation.

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“…VOCs in the environment might cause adverse effects on human health (Hwang et al, 2011). The problem of VOCs has gained widespread attention regarding the air quality in indoor environments (Jia et al, 2008;Parra et al, 2008;Ohura et al, 2009;Pei et al, 2013;Geiss et al, 2014). Several investigators have developed many methods for removing VOCs in the air (Ruddy and Carroll, 1993;Khan and Ghoshal, 2000;Hung et al, 2014).…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Sorption of Volatile Organic Compounds on Organic Substance-Modified Titanate Nanotubes

Wang

Peng

Chao

2015

Aerosol Air Qual. Res.

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This study investigates the removal of volatile organic compounds (VOCs) from the air through the use of organic substance-modified titanate nanotubes (TNTs). The TNTs were derived from TiO 2 through a hydrothermal method, and were modified using hexadecyltrimethylammonium bromide and octadecyltrichlorosilane (OTS) to change the surface hydrophilicity to hydrophobicity. The properties of the TNT and modified TNT were characterized through scanning electron microscopy , transmission electron microscopy, X-ray diffraction, Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy, X-ray photoelectron spectroscopy, contact angle measurements, and nitrogen adsorption-desorption isotherms. The fabricated adsorbents were used to remove the VOCs of toluene, ethylbenzene 1,1,2-trichloroethane, and tetrachloroethene in the air. The adsorption amounts of the VOCs were estimated using the Thomas equation. The results revealed that adsorbent modification raised the adsorption capacities of these VOCs, which also grew with increasing surface hydrophobicity. The aromatic compounds accumulated easily in the pores to generate relatively high adsorption amounts. VOCs adsorbed on the TNT surface or partitioned into the organic substance on TNTs. The adsorption amounts of VOCs on the OTSmodified TNTs were higher than those on commercial activated carbon. The results imply that organic substance-modified TNTs can effectively remove VOCs in the air and become excellent adsorbents.

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Catalytic Air Freshening Diffusers Based on Isopropyl Alcohol - A Major Source of Acetone Indoors

Cited by 5 publications

References 20 publications

Very volatile organic compounds: an understudied class of indoor air pollutants

Very volatile organic compounds: an understudied class of indoor air pollutants

Energy Saving and Pollution Reduction by Adding Water Containing Iso-Butanol and Iso-Propyl Alcohol in a Diesel Engine

Sorption of Volatile Organic Compounds on Organic Substance-Modified Titanate Nanotubes

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