Catalytic upgrading of lignocellulosic biomass pyrolysis vapors: Insights into physicochemical changes in ZSM-5

Zhu, Yongfeng; Chen, Jinlei; Li, Wenbin; Luo, Fenqiang; Li, Shuirong; Xie, Wei; Liu, Jiangsheng; Lan, Hongqiao; Wang, Dechao

doi:10.1016/j.jaap.2021.105123

Cited by 24 publications

(13 citation statements)

References 40 publications

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“…58,59 The results about acidic types of the spent catalysts in terms of Brønsted and Lewis acidic sites content (BAS and LAS, respectively) are summarized in Table 2. A significant decrease in the content of BAS occurred, suggesting that BAS is more active for catalytic conversion of volatiles than LAS, such as deoxygenation, cracking, and aromatization reactions, as reported by Wang et al 60 Similar to the case of LG (peak #72 and peak #85 in cellulose and glucose), the BAS is in favor of the dehydration of LG to furans and decarboxylation of furans to olefins and aromatics, as reported by Mullen et al 46 The major products in lignin pyrolysis such as guaiacol (peak #33) were catalyzed to aromatic on BAS via deoxygenation of methoxylated phenols. 46 As shown in Figure 7c, the more significant decrease in the BAS content occurred on SHZSM-5-C than on SHZSM-G and SHZSM-L, denoting that BAS are the major active sites for upgrading aromatics during catalytic reforming of cellulose-derived volatiles.…”

Section: ■ Results and Discussionsupporting

confidence: 65%

Formation of Light Aromatics and Coke during Catalytic Reforming of Biopolymer-Derived Volatiles over HZSM-5

Ren

Cao

Yang

et al. 2021

Ind. Eng. Chem. Res.

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In this study, the formation mechanism of light aromatics including benzene, toluene, ethylbenzene, xylene, and naphthalene (BTEXN) and the coke growth during catalytic reforming of thermally derived volatiles of cellulose, glucose, and lignin over HZSM-5 under a H 2 atmosphere were investigated rigorously. The shape selectivity of HZSM-5 coupled with H 2 as the promoted agent was found to be highly efficient in trapping volatiles to promote the production of BTEXN. The reactivity of the three biopolymers from biomass structures was compared over HZSM-5 to reveal the hydrocarbon pool and the phenolic pool mechanisms, which are the key mechanistic steps for the BTEXN products and the undesired coke. The results of the present work indicated that there are competing adsorption between the reactions of the aromatics formation and the reactions responsible for the catalytic coke. The formation of both the "soft" and the "hard" coke species strongly depends on biomass structures. The main coke species on spent HZSM-5 are polyaromatics formed via ring growth and the heavy aliphatic species with longer chain (C 10 −C 30 ) formed via chain growth of the C 6 −C 10 oligomers. By analyzing the coke location and the coke nature, we proposed the coke growth mechanism in terms of the aliphatic-based cycle and the aromatic-based cycle.

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Section: ■ Results and Discussionsupporting

confidence: 65%

Formation of Light Aromatics and Coke during Catalytic Reforming of Biopolymer-Derived Volatiles over HZSM-5

Ren

Cao

Yang

et al. 2021

Ind. Eng. Chem. Res.

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“…Coking is most rapid when the catalyst/biomass ratio is less than one and particularly at low SAR. The second type of deactivation results from metal oxides deposited in zeolite which can result in irreversible deactivation if these salts are not removed [117]. Thirdly, zeolite dealumination can occur and result in irreversible deactivation.…”

Section: Catalyst Deactivationmentioning

confidence: 99%

Catalytic Fast Pyrolysis of Lignocellulosic Biomass to Benzene, Toluene, and Xylenes

Gong¹

2022

Recent Perspectives in Pyrolysis Research

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Catalytic Fast Pyrolysis is a rapid method to depolymerize lignocellulose to its constituent components of hemicellulose, cellulose, and lignin. The pyrolysis reaction in absence of oxygen occurs at a very high heating rate to a targeted temperature of 400 to 600 °C for very short residence time. Vapors which are not condensed and are then contacted with a catalyst that is efficient to deoxygenate and aromatize the pyrolyzed biomass. One class of highly valuable material that is produced is a mixture of benzene, toluene, and xylenes. From this mixture, para-xylene is extracted for further upgrading to polyethylene terephthalate, a commodity polyester which has a demand in excess of 80 million tonnes/year. Addressed within this review is the catalytic fast pyrolysis, catalysts examined, process chemistry, challenges, and investigation of solutions.

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“…Biological methods to run biotoxicity assays have been widely used to test the ecological risk assessment of soils [41] and other ameliorated polluted substrate materials (wastes, biosolids, sludge, composts, etc.) [116][117][118][119][120][121]. These include measuring the inhibition of root growth [41,42,116,118,[119][120][121]; the effects of chemicals on emergence and growth of higher plants [117,119]; root length responses, germination viability; green house and field tests [122], using metal sensitive higher plants [41,[116][117][118][119][120][121] or mesofauna [123,124] or on the emergence and growth of higher plants when evaluating the effects of pollutants on soil flora [117,119].…”

Section: Biological Testsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Recent Perspectives in Pyrolysis Research

2022

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The paper describes methods for producing charcoal (highly porous carbon materials) based on plant (wood) raw materials, and the equipment used to implement these processes, the use of activated carbons. The paper describes results of an experimental study of the effect of pressure on the formation of charcoal in the pyrolysis of birch chips. The experimental investigation was carried out at pressures of 0.1, 0.3, 0.5, 0.7 MPa. To investigate the effect of pressure on the pyrolysis process, a laboratory bench was designed and constructed. It was found that increasing the pressure from 0.1 MPa to 0.7 MPa increases the yield of charcoal from 25.1 to 32.4% by weight (relative to the dry weight of the starting material) and the carbon content from 89.1% by weight at 0.1 MPa to 96.4% by weight at 0.7 MPa. The calorific value of charcoal decreases from 34.86 MJ/kg at a pressure of 0.1 MPa to 30.23 MJ/kg at a pressure of 0.7 MPa. This is due to the release of oxygen-containing components, which have a higher calorific value than pure carbon, from the porous coal structure. Reduction of the charcoal heat combustion with a decrease in the amount of oxygen-containing components confirms conclusion that their calorific value exceeds the calorific value of pure carbon.

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Catalytic upgrading of lignocellulosic biomass pyrolysis vapors: Insights into physicochemical changes in ZSM-5

Cited by 24 publications

References 40 publications

Formation of Light Aromatics and Coke during Catalytic Reforming of Biopolymer-Derived Volatiles over HZSM-5

Formation of Light Aromatics and Coke during Catalytic Reforming of Biopolymer-Derived Volatiles over HZSM-5

Catalytic Fast Pyrolysis of Lignocellulosic Biomass to Benzene, Toluene, and Xylenes

Recent Perspectives in Pyrolysis Research

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