Cataract in the chronically exposed residents of the Techa riverside villages

Mikryukova, L. D.; Akleyev, A. V.

doi:10.1007/s00411-017-0702-9

Cited by 11 publications

(4 citation statements)

References 15 publications

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“…A dose–response relationship between α-radiation exposure and incidence of various cancerous and noncancerous disorders was observed in nuclear workers chronically exposed by inhalation to plutonium ( 239 Pu) in the Mayak Nuclear Enterprise (Chelyabinsk region, Russia). 98 - 120 For instance, the incidence of lung cancer corrected for smoking was 0.56, 0.59, and 0.83 at body burdens of 343, 1180, and 4200 Bq, respectively, in 500 nuclear workers relative to internal controls. Of note, the lung cancer incidence was linearly associated with cigarette smoking, with 2-fold risk of lung cancer in those workers who smoked 1 pack of cigarettes per day for at least 5 years.…”

Section: Nuclear Worker Cohortsmentioning

confidence: 99%

“… 106 No evidence, however, was revealed for the influence of low-dose and low dose rate radiation on cataract incidence. 107 Data on the effects of radiation exposure on the mortality rates in the cohort of Mayak workers appear somewhat inconsistent and dose dependent. 109 - 111 There was no evidence that exposure to plutonium aerosols significantly affected the risks of mortality from solid cancers other than the lung, liver, and bone.…”

Section: Nuclear Worker Cohortsmentioning

confidence: 99%

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Health Impacts of Low-Dose Ionizing Radiation: Current Scientific Debates and Regulatory Issues

et al. 2018

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Health impacts of low-dose ionizing radiation are significant in important fields such as X-ray imaging, radiation therapy, nuclear power, and others. However, all existing and potential applications are currently challenged by public concerns and regulatory restrictions. We aimed to assess the validity of the linear no-threshold (LNT) model of radiation damage, which is the basis of current regulation, and to assess the justification for this regulation. We have conducted an extensive search in PubMed. Special attention has been given to papers cited in comprehensive reviews of the United States (2006) and French (2005) Academies of Sciences and in the United Nations Scientific Committee on Atomic Radiation 2016 report. Epidemiological data provide essentially no evidence for detrimental health effects below 100 mSv, and several studies suggest beneficial (hormetic) effects. Equally significant, many studies with in vitro and in animal models demonstrate that several mechanisms initiated by low-dose radiation have beneficial effects. Overall, although probably not yet proven to be untrue, LNT has certainly not been proven to be true. At this point, taking into account the high price tag (in both economic and human terms) borne by the LNT-inspired regulation, there is little doubt that the present regulatory burden should be reduced.

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Section: Nuclear Worker Cohortsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Section: Nuclear Worker Cohortsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Health Impacts of Low-Dose Ionizing Radiation: Current Scientific Debates and Regulatory Issues

et al. 2018

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“…Of particular interest are the gender-related data about the frequency of supposedly radiogenic cataracts in Mayak employees and residents of the Techa River valley, namely the significantly higher excess relative risk in women than in men [22,31,39,40] . The reason is obvious for an inside observer, being unrelated to radiation.…”

Section: Resultsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Exaggeration of consequences of low-dose radiation exposures with special reference to cataracts

Jargin

2024

Imaging. Radiat. Res.

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Publications overestimating the medical and ecological sequels of a slight anthropogenic increase in the radiation background have been reviewed recently with examples of different organs and pathological conditions. The overestimation contributed to the strangulation of atomic energy. The use of nuclear energy for electricity production is on the agenda today due to the increasing energy needs of humankind. Apparently, certain scientific writers acted in the interests of fossil fuel producers. Health risks and environmental damage are maximal for coal and oil, lower for natural gas, and much lower for atomic energy. This letter is an addition to previously published materials, this time focused on studies of cataracts in radiation-exposed populations in Russia. Selection and self-selection bias are of particular significance. Apparently, the self-reporting rate correlates with dose estimates and/or with professional awareness about radiation-related risks among nuclear workers or radiologic technologists, the latter being associated with their work experience/duration and hence with the accumulated dose. Individuals informed of their higher doses would more often seek medical advice and receive more attention from medics. As a result, lens opacities are diagnosed in exposed people earlier than in the general population. This explains dose-effect correlations proven for the incidence of cataracts but not for the frequency of cataract surgeries. Along the same lines, various pathological conditions are more often detected in exposed people. Ideological bias and the trimming of statistics have not been unusual in the Russian medical sciences. It is known that ionizing radiation causes cataracts; however, threshold levels associated with risks are understudied. In particular, thresholds for chronic and fractionated exposures are uncertain and may be underestimated.

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“…Несмотря на имеющееся подробное описание развития радиационно-индуцированной катаракты, все еще сохраняются значительные неопределенности, связанные с дозовой зависимостью развития радиационной катаракты [12][13][14][15][16]. Концепция пороговой дозы имеет критическое значение не только для оценки риска, но также для теории, рассматривающей патологические механизмы радиационной катаракты.…”

Section: анализ дозовой зависимости заболеваемости катарактой методом...unclassified

Epidemiological Studies of the Eye Pathology over a Long-Term Follow-Up Period in the Population Affected by Chronic Radiation Exposure in the Southern Urals

Mikryukova

2023

Oftalʹmologiâ

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Objective of the study: to analyze cataract incidence rates over the period from 1955 through 2019 in the cohort of the population exposed in the Southern Urals and to analyze radiation risk of cataract incidence.Methods. For the first time cataract incidence was assessed over a long- term period from 1955 through 2019 in people who were chronically exposed in a low-to-moderate dose range. The registry of eye pathologies created in the URCRM was used as the basis for the study. Analysis of incidence rates was conducted with account of the individualized doses to the lens. The incidence rates were calculated using the methods of medical statistics per 1,000 people. The odds ration (OR) of cataract development was also evaluated using the case-control study.Results. In total the studied group consisted of 14,751 people (1955–2019) who underwent examinations in the outpatient department of the URCRM. As of December 2020 4,658 patients with cataract were registered. According to the findings of the study (1955–2019) it has been stated that cataract incidence increases with age and thus with the aging of the cohort, improvement of the quality of the diagnosing procedures and examination of the patients. The number of cataracts in women significantly exceeds that in men (3,169 and 1,489, respectively). Standardized incidence rate of cataract over all the years of the follow-up is 172.94 (95 % CI: 168.10–177.78). In the course of the study of the cataract incidence dependence on the dose to the lens, it has been revealed that cataract incidence tends to increase with the increasing dose. Risk value of cataract development (OR) depending on the dose to the lens obtained as a result of the case-control study made up 1.10 (95 % CI: 1.00–1.21).Conclusion. The incidence of cataract in the studied cohort increases with the follow-up periods. The number of cataracts in women is greater than that in men, the age characteristics are approximately the same. A trend of increased effect of the dose on the increase in the risk of cataracts was established based on the results of the performed analysis.

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Cataract in the chronically exposed residents of the Techa riverside villages

Cited by 11 publications

References 15 publications

Health Impacts of Low-Dose Ionizing Radiation: Current Scientific Debates and Regulatory Issues

Health Impacts of Low-Dose Ionizing Radiation: Current Scientific Debates and Regulatory Issues

Exaggeration of consequences of low-dose radiation exposures with special reference to cataracts

Epidemiological Studies of the Eye Pathology over a Long-Term Follow-Up Period in the Population Affected by Chronic Radiation Exposure in the Southern Urals

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