Catecholamine and serotonin colocalization in projection neurons of the area postrema

Miceli, Mario O.; Post, Cynthia A.; Kooy, Derek van der

doi:10.1016/0006-8993(87)91147-4

Cited by 42 publications

(23 citation statements)

References 24 publications

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“…Serotonergic, adrenergic, and noradrenergic neurons are present in projections from the AP/NTS to the LPBN, and binding and immunohistochemical studies indicate the presence of ␣ 2 -adrenergic sites in the LPBN (70,83,98). There is evidence from both receptor binding and in situ hybridization studies indicating that there are GABA receptors in the PBN (7,16).…”

Section: Neurotransmitter and Receptor Distribution In The Lpbn: Basimentioning

confidence: 99%

“…In rat, serotonergic, catecholaminergic, glutamatergic, cholecystokinergic, opioid, and CRF immunoreactive neurons are found in the pathway from the AP/NTS to the LPBN (68,72,83,85,98,111). GABAergic and CRF immunoreactive neurons are present in the projections from the CeA to the LPBN (74, 99).…”

Section: Neurotransmitter and Receptor Distribution In The Lpbn: Basimentioning

confidence: 99%

“…Whole cell electrophysiological recordings in rat brain slices also showed that most (62%) LPBN neurons tested responded to GABA superfusion, and in most cases this response was attenuated by the GABA A antagonist bicuculline (80). Glutamate, cholecystocinin (CCK), and corticotrophin-releasing factor (CRF) have also been identified in the parabrachial nucleus (15,68,78).In rat, serotonergic, catecholaminergic, glutamatergic, cholecystokinergic, opioid, and CRF immunoreactive neurons are found in the pathway from the AP/NTS to the LPBN (68,72,83,85,98,111). GABAergic and CRF immunoreactive neurons are present in the projections from the CeA to the LPBN (74, 99).…”

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confidence: 99%

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Role of the lateral parabrachial nucleus in the control of sodium appetite

Menani

Luca

Johnson

2014

American Journal of Physiology-Regulatory, Integrative and Comp

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.-In states of sodium deficiency many animals seek and consume salty solutions to restore body fluid homeostasis. These behaviors reflect the presence of sodium appetite that is a manifestation of a pattern of central nervous system (CNS) activity with facilitatory and inhibitory components that are affected by several neurohumoral factors. The primary focus of this review is on one structure in this central system, the lateral parabrachial nucleus (LPBN). However, before turning to a more detailed discussion of the LPBN, a brief overview of body fluid balance-related body-to-brain signaling and the identification of the primary CNS structures and humoral factors involved in the control of sodium appetite is necessary. Angiotensin II, mineralocorticoids, and extracellular osmotic changes act on forebrain areas to facilitate sodium appetite and thirst. In the hindbrain, the LPBN functions as a key integrative node with an ascending output that exerts inhibitory influences on forebrain regions. A nonspecific or general deactivation of LPBN-associated inhibition by GABA or opioid agonists produces NaCl intake in euhydrated rats without any other treatment. Selective LPBN manipulation of other neurotransmitter systems [e.g., serotonin, cholecystokinin (CCK), corticotrophin-releasing factor (CRF), glutamate, ATP, or norepinephrine] greatly enhances NaCl intake when accompanied by additional treatments that induce either thirst or sodium appetite. The LPBN interacts with key forebrain areas that include the subfornical organ and central amygdala to determine sodium intake. To summarize, a model of LPBN inhibitory actions on forebrain facilitatory components for the control of sodium appetite is presented in this review. sodium intake; angiotensin; electrolyte balance; thirst ANIMALS CONSTANTLY LOSE WATER and electrolytes to the external environment, but specific autonomic, hormonal, and behavioral mechanisms operate continuously to adjust and restore body fluid-electrolyte balance. The rate of loss from the kidneys is primarily controlled by neural and hormonal actions, but loss may also occur passively through the largely uncontrolled processes of respiration (evaporation), perspiration, transpiration, and salivation. These later modes of loss are referred to as insensible loss because they cannot be easily measured. Severe loss of both sodium and water may also occur in disorders associated with emesis and diarrhea. However, despite such ongoing challenges, the osmolarity and volume of body fluids are maintained within reasonably narrow limits, thus allowing normal metabolic and cardiovascular functions. Although renal mechanisms can slow water and sodium loss, the restoration of fluid homeostasis is only made possible by the mobilization of behaviors that result in the ingestion of water and sodium (usually NaCl). The behavioral responses of seeking out and consuming water and salty substances involve the motivational states of thirst and salt appetite. Salt appetite is also frequently referred to as sodium appetit...

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Section: Neurotransmitter and Receptor Distribution In The Lpbn: Basimentioning

confidence: 99%

Section: Neurotransmitter and Receptor Distribution In The Lpbn: Basimentioning

confidence: 99%

mentioning

confidence: 99%

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Role of the lateral parabrachial nucleus in the control of sodium appetite

Menani

Luca

Johnson

2014

American Journal of Physiology-Regulatory, Integrative and Comp

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“…Our findings also suggest that some neurons within human cardiac ganglia may synthesize and perhaps corelease Ͼ1 neurotransmitter. Examples of central and peripheral neurons that corelease acetylcholine and GABA 41 or contain serotonin and tyrosine hydroxylase 42 or PNMT 43 immunoreactivity exist in the literature.…”

Section: Enzymatic and Pharmacological Studiesmentioning

confidence: 99%

Monoamine- and Histamine-Synthesizing Enzymes and Neurotransmitters Within Neurons of Adult Human Cardiac Ganglia

et al. 1999

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Background-Cardiac ganglia were originally thought to contain only cholinergic neurons relaying parasympathetic information from preganglionic brain stem neurons to the heart. Accumulating evidence, however, suggests that cardiac ganglia contain a heterogeneous population of neurons that synthesize or respond to several different neurotransmitters and neuropeptides. Reports regarding monoamine and histamine synthesis and neurotransmission within cardiac ganglia, however, present conflicting information or are limited in number. Furthermore, very few studies have examined the neurochemistry of adult human cardiac ganglia. The purpose of this study was, therefore, to determine whether monoamine-and histamine-synthesizing enzymes and neurotransmitters exist within neurons of adult human cardiac ganglia. Methods and Results-Human heart tissue containing cardiac ganglia was obtained during autopsies of patients without cardiovascular pathology. Avidin-biotin complex immunohistochemistry was used to demonstrate tyrosine hydroxylase, L-dopa decarboxylase, dopamine ␤-hydroxylase, phenylethanolamine-N-methyltransferase, tryptophan hydroxylase, and histidine decarboxylase immunoreactivity within neurons of cardiac ganglia. Dopamine, norepinephrine, serotonin, and histamine immunoreactivity was also found in ganglionic neurons. Omission or preadsorption of primary antibodies from the antisera and subsequent incubation with cardiac ganglia abolished specific staining in all cases examined. Conclusions-Our results suggest that neurons within cardiac ganglia contain enzymes involved in the synthesis of monoamines and histamine and that they contain dopamine, norepinephrine, serotonin, and histamine immunoreactivity. Our findings suggest a putative role for monoamine and histamine neurotransmission within adult human cardiac ganglia. Additional, functional evidence will be necessary to evaluate what the physiological role of monoamines and histamine may be in neural control of the adult human heart. (Circulation. 1999;99:411-419.)

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“…The noradrenergic AP neurons send dense projections to the NTS and the lateral parabrachial nucleus, both regions associated with regulation of feeding behavior [14,29,30]. The noradrenergic cells of the AP have been shown to be involved in the hypophagic action of amylin Fig.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Chemical phenotypes of P2X2 purinoreceptor immunoreactive cell bodies in the area postrema

Mangano

Meister

2011

Purinergic Signalling

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Purines such as adenosine 5′-triphosphate (ATP) act as extracellular messengers through specific purinergic receptors. Three different classes of purinergic receptors have been identified and termed P1, P2X, and P2Y. The purinergic receptor subunit P2X2 is a ligand-gated ion channel that is widely expressed by neurons in the CNS. In the brainstem medulla oblongata, the ionotropic P2X2 receptor (P2X2R) is enriched in the area postrema (AP). Two different antisera to P2X2R were used to determine the chemical nature of P2X2R immunoreactive cell bodies in the rat AP, an area lacking a blood-brain barrier. Subcellularly, P2X2R immunoreactivity was located to the periphery of individual cell bodies. The majority of P2X2R-immunoreactive cells were shown to contain tyrosine hydroxylase (TH) (63.5±7.7%) and dopamine β-hydroxylase (61.5±5.1%). Phenylethanolamine Nmethyltransferase (PNMT)-containing cells were not detected in the AP, supporting a noradrenergic nature of P2X2R cells in the AP. There were no P2X2R-immunoreactive cells in the AP that contained the GABA-synthesizing enzyme glutamic acid decarboxylase 65. Only single vesicular glutamate transporter 2-immunoreactive cell bodies that were not P2X2R-positive were demonstrated in the AP. Some P2X2R-positive cells in the AP were immunoreactive for the neuropeptides substance P and pituitary adenylate cyclaseactivating polypeptide, whereas dynorphin-, enkephalin-, or cholecystokinin-positive cells were not P2X2R-immunoreactive. Presence of P2X2R in a majority of noradrenergic cells of the AP implies that ATP may have a regulatory action on neuronal noradrenaline release from the AP, a circumventricular organ with a strategic position enabling interactions between circulating substances and the central nervous system.

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Catecholamine and serotonin colocalization in projection neurons of the area postrema

Cited by 42 publications

References 24 publications

Role of the lateral parabrachial nucleus in the control of sodium appetite

Role of the lateral parabrachial nucleus in the control of sodium appetite

Monoamine- and Histamine-Synthesizing Enzymes and Neurotransmitters Within Neurons of Adult Human Cardiac Ganglia

Chemical phenotypes of P2X2 purinoreceptor immunoreactive cell bodies in the area postrema

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