Cationisation of Starch Granules by Graft Copolymerisation

Gruber, E.; Bothor, Roland

doi:10.1002/(sici)1521-379x(199806)50:6<257::aid-star257>3.0.co;2-#

Cited by 9 publications

(5 citation statements)

References 8 publications

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“…Each process of cationization has been discussed in details by Solarek, Rutenberg, Wurzburg as well as Gruber and Bothor. 1,2,4,9 Currently the commercially significant derivatives are the tertiary amino and quaternary ammonium starch ethers 1 and the most popular reagent for adding quaternary ammonium groups to starch is probably 2,3-(epoxypropyl)trimethylammonium chloride. This reagent can conveniently be supplied and stored in water in the chlorohydrin form (3-chloro-2-hydroxypropyltrimethylammonium chloride (CHP-TAC)).…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Effects of cationization on DSC thermal profiles, pasting and emulsifying properties of sago starch

et al. 2004

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Cationic sago starches were prepared using an aqueous alkaline process with different levels of cationic reagent 3-chloro-2-hydroxypropyltrimethylammonium chloride (0.01-0.10 M), sodium hydroxide (0.03-0.86 M) and reaction temperature (30-62 • C). The degree of substitution (DS), reaction efficiency, thermal and pasting properties of cationic sago starches were analysed. Emulsifying and fat binding properties of native sago starch, cationized sago starch and commercial chitosan were compared at two different pH values (4 and 7). Degree of substitution increased with an increase in concentration of cationic reagent or NaOH, or reaction temperature. The reaction efficiency was proportional to the concentration of NaOH and reaction temperature but inversely proportional to the cationic reagent concentration. The highest DS and reaction efficiency achieved was 0.06 and 79%, respectively. The pasting temperature and gelatinization enthalpy of cationic starch (DS 0.06) were lower compared with native sago starch. Cationization increased the peak viscosity and breakdown of the starch paste but decreased the setback. The presence of cationic groups significantly increased emulsion stability, emulsion viscosity and fat binding capacity of sago starch. However, the cationic sago starch was still inferior to chitosan, which showed the highest emulsion stability, emulsion viscosity and fat binding capacity. There was no significant difference between the surface tension values of native and cationic sago starch and chitosan. The influence of pH on emulsifying properties was not significant. The emulsion stability of the cationic sago starch improved due to an increase in viscosity and fat binding capacity but not its surface active property.

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Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Effects of cationization on DSC thermal profiles, pasting and emulsifying properties of sago starch

et al. 2004

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“…Although the science of cationic starch synthesis is well understood, there is a lack of available information addressing the charge acquired by the synthesized cationic starch and its interaction with the charge or zeta potential of the target colloid. Our research focused on the grafting method adopted by Gruber et al to cationize starch due to the simplicity of the process and minimal use of reagents to achieve cationization. Starch grafting is the most frequently used method to modify starch without altering its biological properties and has also been shown to achieve higher cationic charge density than can be achieved using the other methods.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Cationic starch for microalgae and total phosphorus removal from wastewater

Anthony

Sims

2013

J of Applied Polymer Sci

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The city of Logan, Utah treats wastewater in 460 acres of facultative lagoons. Naturally growing algae in these lagoons uptake nutrients and remediate the wastewater, but require coagulation and flocculation for separation from wastewater. Cationic corn starch and cationic potato starch with a degree of substitution 1.34 and 0.82, respectively, were synthesized using 3-methacryloyl amino propyl trimethyl ammonium chloride and tested on Scenedesmus obliquus and lagoon wastewater. The zeta potential of the cationic starches tested over a pH range 5.0-10.0 showed an average of 116.0 and 115.1 mV for cationic corn starch and cationic potato starch, respectively. Total suspended solids removals of 90 and 85% were achieved with cationic corn starch and cationic potato starch, respectively, when tested with S. obliquus. Tests with wastewater showed total suspended solids removals of 80 and 60% for cationic corn starch and cationic potato starch, respectively. Total phosphorus removal values from wastewater were approximately 33, 29, and 42% for cationic corn starch, cationic potato starch, and alum, respectively, for a coagulant/algae ratio of 1.4 (wt/wt). These results indicate that cationic starch has the potential to replace alum for algae harvesting and wastewater treatment making it a suitable alternative to inorganic coagulants and flocculants.

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“…The typical preparation method consists of the activation of cellulose with aqueous sodium hydroxide and subsequent conversion with N,N-dialkylaminoethyl chlorides, epoxypropyltrimethylammonium chloride, 2-chloro-3-hydroxypropyltrimethylammonium chloride, or diallyldimethylammonium chloride. (Gruber et al 1996;Gruber and Bothor 1998;Zhang et al 1999;Liesiene 2010). At high degree of substitution (DS), ammonium groups may impart bioactivity to polysaccharides (Haack et al 2003).…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Synthesis and characterization of novel amino cellulose esters

et al. 2011

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The homogeneous conversion of cellulose dissolved in N-methyl-2-pyrrolidone/LiCl and 1-Nbutyl-3-methylimidazolium chloride with N-methyl-2-pyrrolidone, e-caprolactam, N-methyl-e-caprolactam, and N-methyl-2-piperidone in the presence of p-toluenesulphonic acid chloride was studied. Depending on the reaction conditions, novel cellulose esters with degree of substitution (DS) values ranging from 0.12 to 1.17 could be prepared. The structure of the amino group containing cellulose esters was elucidated by elemental analysis, FTIR-and NMR spectroscopy. NMR spectroscopy revealed an almost complete esterification of position 6 of the anhydroglucose unit at DS of 1. The conversion can be conducted between room temperature and 40°C, while side-reactions became predominant at 60°C. Starting with DS of 0.24, the samples were soluble both in water and dimethyl sulphoxide. The derivatives described are capable of forming polyelectrolyte complexes. The samples were stable at room temperature in aqueous solution at pH 2 and 7. Lower viscosities were found for samples with higher DS in aqueous solution at comparable molar mass.

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Cationisation of Starch Granules by Graft Copolymerisation

Abstract: and liquefaction processes. When 1600 g (16 %, W/W suspension) and 4000 g (40 %, W/W suspension) corn flour was hydrolyzed and purified, 76.0 % and 50.2 % glucose yields were obtained. The residues obtained were rich in protein and minerals.

Cited by 9 publications

References 8 publications

Effects of cationization on DSC thermal profiles, pasting and emulsifying properties of sago starch

Effects of cationization on DSC thermal profiles, pasting and emulsifying properties of sago starch

Cationic starch for microalgae and total phosphorus removal from wastewater

Synthesis and characterization of novel amino cellulose esters

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