Causal Analysis and Prevention Measures for Extreme Heavy Rainstorms in Zhengzhou to Protect Human Health

Abstract

This study focused on the extreme heavy rainstorm that occurred in Zhengzhou in July 2021; approximately 380 people were killed or missing as a result of this storm. To investigate the evolution behaviors of this rainstorm and take corresponding prevention measures, several methods and models were adopted, including cloud modeling, preliminary hazard analysis (PHA), fault tree analysis (FTA), bow-tie modeling, and chaos theory. The main reasons for this rainstorm can be divided into the following three aspects: force majeure, such as terrain and extreme weather conditions, issues with city construction, and insufficient emergency rescue. The secondary disasters caused by this rainstorm mainly include urban water logging, river flooding, and mountain torrents and landslides. The main causes of the subway line-5 accident that occurred can be described as follows: the location of the stabling yard was low, the relevant rules and regulations of the subway were not ideal, insufficient attention was given to the early warning information, and the emergency response mechanism was not ideal. Rainstorms result from the cross-coupling of faults in humans, objects, the environment, and management subsystems, and the evolution process shows an obvious butterfly effect. To prevent disasters caused by rainstorms, the following suggestions should be adopted: vigorously improve the risk awareness and emergency response capabilities of leading cadres, improve the overall level of urban disaster prevention and mitigation, reinforce the existing reservoirs in the city, strengthen the construction of sponge cities, and improve the capacity of urban disaster emergency rescue.

Comparative Analyses of Soil Bacterial Colonies of Two Types of Chinese Ginger after a Major Flood Disaster

“…The bacterial diversity of the soil was restored with timely drainage 2 months after the flooding and inundation on 20 July 2021 ( 15 ). In this study, we used 16S rRNA high-throughput sequencing and bioinformatic analyses to compare the bacterial community structures of characteristic ginger soils from three regions in the Henan Province of north-central China.…”

“…However, fewer studies have focused on the community structure of ginger soil bacteria after the floods of 20 July 2021, a 100-year flood disaster in Henan Province in north-central China. Many cash crops, including ginger, suffered from flooding and rain inundation for 2 or more months ( 15 ). We collected ginger soil samples in September/October 2021, when the floods had largely subsided.…”

Resilience Assessment of an Urban Metro Complex Network: A Case Study of the Zhengzhou Metro

“…For instance, the Zhengzhou Metro suffered an extreme rainstorm disaster on 20 July 2021, resulting in a terrible flooding tragedy that killed 14 people and injured 5 others. This emergency triggered great concern and reflection on the whole society [11,12]. Faced with such a drastic disturbance threat, the vulnerability [13] of a metro network system is significantly enhanced, and it needs to have a strong absorption capacity and rapid recovery ability to reduce losses.…”