Causal relationships between uremic metabolites or toxins and heart failure: Univariate and multivariate Mendelian randomization
Mingyu Wei,
Xianjing Hu,
Min Zhu
et al.
Abstract:Studies have shown that uremia, renal failure and heart failure (HF) are closely related. However, whether this association reflects a causal effect is still unclear. The aim of this study was to evaluate the causal effect of uremic metabolites or toxins on HF. Mendelian randomization (MR) analysis was conducted to evaluate the causal effect of 11 uremia-related metabolites on HF risk using single-nucleotide polymorphisms (SNPs) from a genome-wide association study. A protein–protein interaction network was co… Show more
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