CCL2, CCL5, IL4 and IL15 Gene Polymorphisms in Women with Gestational Diabetes Mellitus

Abstract

Gestational diabetes mellitus (GDM) is a glucose intolerance that occurs during pregnancy. Several studies suggest that inflammation contributes to pregnancy-induced insulin resistance and the development of glucose intolerance. The aim of this study is to examine the association between the ,, and gene polymorphisms and the development of GDM. This study included 411 pregnant women who underwent a 75 g oral glucose tolerance test at 24-28 weeks of gestation. Participants were categorised into 2 groups according to results of the oral glucose tolerance test (OGTT). The GDM group included 204 pregnant women who were diagnosed with GDM. The normal glucose tolerance group included 207 pregnant women with normal values in the OGTT. To discriminate the rs1024611 and rs4586, rs2107538, rs2243250, rs2857261 and rs2254514 alleles, TaqMan Pre-Designed SNP Genotyping Assays were used. GDM was significantly associated with genotypes and alleles of the rs1024611 and rs4586 polymorphisms, while there was no statistically significant association between the rs2107538, rs2243250, rs2857261, and rs2254514 gene polymorphisms and GDM. In a multivariate regression analysis, age and BMI before pregnancy were independent significant predictors of a higher risk of GDM, while a lower number of G alleles rs1024611 was protective against GDM. Moreover, women with the GG rs1024611 and CC rs4586 genotype tended to have lower body mass and BMI increases during pregnancy, as well as lower newborn body mass. The results of our study suggest an association between gene polymorphisms and GDM.

Adiponectin and leptin gene polymorphisms in women with gestational diabetes mellitus

“…The diagnosis of GDM was made when one of the following plasma glucose values in the OGTT was met or exceeded: fasting plasma glucose 92 mg/dL (5.1 mmol/L), 1-h plasma glucose 180 mg/dL (10.0 mmol/L) and 2-h plasma glucose 153 mg/dL (8.5 mmol/L) [10]. Among the pregnant women with GDM, 152 (75%) were treated with diet control alone throughout the pregnancy, whereas the remaining 52 (25%) were treated with diet control and insulin until delivery [11]. The study was approved by the ethics committee in Pomeranian Medical University, Szczecin, Poland, and written informed consent was obtained from all subjects.…”

Common Type 2 Diabetes Genetic Risk Variants Improve the Prediction of Gestational Diabetes

“…In previous studies, the association between polymorphisms and gestational diabetes was studied in three models: additive (number of variant alleles = 0, 1, or 2 for each subject), dominant (variant homozygotes and heterozygotes vs. wildtype homozygotes) and recessive (variant homozygotes vs. heterozygotes and wildtype homozygotes) [10][11][12][13][14][15][16][17]. The best fit was observed for the additive model.…”

“…Genotypes were assigned using all data from the study simultaneously. Details of genotyping methods are described in previous papers [10][11][12][13][14][15][16][17].…”

“…Therefore genetic variants associated with type 2 diabetes may also be associated with an increased risk of GDM [9]. Previous studies have examined the associations between several genetic polymorphisms involved in carbohydrate and lipid metabolism [i. e., PTGS2 (COX2) rs6681231, FADS1 rs174550, HNF1B rs4430796, ADIPOQ rs266729, IL18 rs187238, CCL2 rs1024611, HHEX rs5015480 and CDKN2A/2B rs10811661] and GDM [10][11][12][13][14][15][16][17]. Some of these polymorphisms were associated with an increased risk of GDM development or with clinical parameters in pregnant women (i. e., BMI before pregnancy, BMI at birth, weight increase during pregnancy, BMI increase during pregnancy, HbA1c, daily insulin requirement, and duration of labour) or new-born babies (body mass at birth and APGAR score).…”

Polymorphisms of TGF-β1 and TGF-β3 in Chinese Women With Gestational Diabetes Mellitus

“…SNPs within the coding and signal sequences can affect gene transcriptional activity, and then change the production of proteins [14]. Several studies have reported that altered cytokines expression are related to the severity and progression of the GDM [15,16].…”