CD133 Antigen as a Potential Marker of Melanoma Stem Cells: In Vitro and In Vivo Studies

Abstract

Melanoma is the most dangerous type of skin cancer. Cancer stem cells (CSCs) are suspected to be responsible for the cancer recurrence and in the consequence for cancer therapy failure. CD133 is a potential marker for detection of melanoma CSCs. Experiments were performed on the B16-F10 mouse melanoma cell line. CD133+ cells were isolated using an immunomagnetic cell sorting technique. After isolation proliferative and clonogenic potential of CD133+, CD133- and CD133+/- were evaluated. The potential of CD133+ and CD133- cells for tumor induction was conducted on C57BL/6J mouse model. Three different cell quantities (100, 1000, 10000) were tested. Tumor morphology, number of mitoses, and tumor necrosis area were analyzed. Average 0.12% CD133+ cells were isolated. Compared to CD133- and unsorted CD133+/- cells, CD133+ cells were characterized by the higher proliferative and clonogenic potential. These properties were not confirmed in vivo, as both CD133+ and CD133- cells induced tumor growth in mouse model. No statistical differences in mitosis number and tumor necrosis area were observed. Simultaneous detection of CD133 antigen with other markers is necessary for accurate identification of these melanoma cancer stem cells.

Melanoma stem cell vaccine induces effective tumor immunity against melanoma

“… 34–36 In melanoma, CD44 and CD133 can serve as potential markers of MSCs. 37 , 38 In preclinical studies, CSCs-based immunotherapy has been tried in mice and humans, and achieved good results. DCs-CSCs vaccine can induce humoral and cellular immune responses against CSCs, thus producing efficient anti-tumor immunity.…”

Intervertebral Disc Stem/Progenitor Cells: A Promising “Seed” for Intervertebral Disc Regeneration

“…For instance, clonal cells isolated from nonchondrodystrophic canine NP cells expressed the pluripotent stem cell marker genes SOX2, OCT3/4, and NANOG [ 42 , 49 ]. According to the studies, a small proportion of human IVDSPCs also express CD133 [ 39 , 50 ], a surface glycoprotein usually expressed on many types of stem cells and cancer stem cells [ 51 , 52 ]. A minor population of human NP cells from degenerated IVDs also express CD34 [ 53 ], which is a marker for haematopoietic stem cells and some progenitor cells.…”

3D matrix promotes cell dedifferentiation into colorectal cancer stem cells via integrin/cytoskeleton/glycolysis signaling

“…These cells have shown self‐renewal and tumorigenicity in immunodeficient mice. 12 , 13 Bidirectional conversion between differentiated tumor cells and CSCs has also been observed in intestinal tumors, in which surrounding inflammation signals could promote Wnt signaling activation and result in the reprogramming of tumor cells. 14 Additionally, it is poorly understood whether extrinsic factors in the tumor microenvironment, such as the extracellular matrix, could play a role in tumor remodeling.…”

“…Over 25% of the patients presented CD133 − or differentiated melanoma cells. These cells have shown self‐renewal and tumorigenicity in immunodeficient mice 12,13 . Bidirectional conversion between differentiated tumor cells and CSCs has also been observed in intestinal tumors, in which surrounding inflammation signals could promote Wnt signaling activation and result in the reprogramming of tumor cells 14 .…”