CD24 Is a Prognostic Marker for Multiple Myeloma Progression and Survival

Abstract

Surface antigens are commonly used in flow cytometry assays for the diagnosis of multiple myeloma (MM). Some of these are directly involved in MM pathogenesis or interactions with the microenvironment, but most are used for either diagnostic or prognostic purposes. In a previous study, we showed that in-vitro, CD24-positive plasma cells exhibit a less tumorigenic phenotype. Here, we assessed the prognostic importance of CD24 expression in patients newly diagnosed with MM as it correlates to their clinical course. Immunophenotyping by flow cytometry of 124 patients uniformly treated by a bortezomib-based protocol was performed. The expression of CD24, CD117, CD19, CD45, and CD56 in bone marrow PCs was tested for correlations to clinical parameters. None of the CD markers correlated with the response rates to first-line therapy. However, patients with elevated CD24+ expression on their PCs at diagnosis had a significantly longer PFS (p = 0.002) and OS (p = 0.044). In contrast, the expression of CD117, CD56, or CD45 was found to have no prognostic value; CD19 expression was inversely correlated with PFS alone (p ˂ 0.001) and not with OS. Thus, elevated CD24 expression on PCs appears to be strongly correlated with survival and can be used as a single-surface antigenic prognostic factor in MM.

Differential Effects of Anti-TNFα and Anti-α4β7 Drugs on Circulating Dendritic Cells Migratory Capacity in Inflammatory Bowel Disease

“…A CCR9 protective role against IBD was also described in a previous study from our group [ 24 ]. Therefore, the expression of these markers on cDC2 should be evaluated as a potential biomarker in order to discriminate between patients with a quiescent or active disease, which is potentially useful in order to avoid an unnecessary colonoscopy and instead using multiparameter flow cytometry, which is a well-established technique in the diagnosis of other diseases, such as B cells malignancies [ 25 ]. In this regard, it has been published with regards to murine models, that CCR9 −/− mice are more susceptible to DSS-induced colitis [ 26 ].…”

The intestine: A highly dynamic microenvironment for IgA plasma cells

“…In addition, the population defined as Bregs showed a severe upregulation of the plasma cell signature transcription factor Blimp-1 ( prdm-1 gene) when lacking AhR and butyrate feeding markedly reduced Blimp-1 expression independent of the genotype. This gene expression profile questions the nature of the analyzed cell population, especially as plasma cells can also secrete IL-10 in autoimmune inflammation ( 195 ) and express high amounts of CD24 ( 196 , 197 ). Of note, the analysis of the B cell response in the intestinal tract was missing in this study.…”

CD24 as a Potential Therapeutic Target in Patients with B-Cell Leukemia and Lymphoma: Current Insights

“…2011 [66] Burkitt's lymphoma SN3 mRNA expression did not correlate with survival 2022 [69] Burkitt's lymphoma 32D12 High mRNA expression 2022 [65] Diffuse large B-cell lymphoma n/a High mRNA expression associated with better response to rituximab plus chemotherapy (R-CHOP) in activated B-cell (ABC) subtype, associated with reduction in cytotoxic immune cell infiltration 2021 [64] Diffuse large B-cell lymphoma SN3 mRNA expression did not correlate with survival 2022 [69] Diffuse large B-cell lymphoma 32D12 High mRNA expression associated with poor prognosis of germinal center B cells (GCB) subtype, enriched in Myc rearrangement, associated with reduction in innate immune cell infiltration 2022 [65] Diffuse large B-cell lymphoma 32D12 mRNA expression did not correlate with survival of activated B-cell (ABC) subtype 2022 [65] Follicular lymphoma SN3 High mRNA expression correlated with poor survival 2022 [69] Mantle cell lymphoma SN3 High mRNA expression correlated with poor survival, mAb treatment increased phagocytosis by macrophages in vitro 2022 [69] Multiple myeloma ALB9 High protein expression associated with improved patient outcome; expression highest in relapsed/resistant cells 2022 [70] Abbreviation: B-ALL, B-acute lymphoblastic leukemia.…”

“…62,63 In general, high CD24 expression has been associated with poor prognosis except in the case of multiple myeloma. [64][65][66][67][68][69][70] For chronic lymphocytic leukemia, high CD24 expression was associated with progressive vs stable disease. 71 Even though CD24 has been found to be expressed in most B cell malignancies to date, the protein expression levels do not always differentiate healthy from cancer patients due to high variability in expression.…”