CD4 cells count as a prognostic marker in HIV patients with comparative analysis of various studies in Asia Pacific region

Abstract

Purpose: To evaluate the correlation between CD4+ cells count with orofacial and systemic manifestations in newly diagnosed HIV seropositive patients and comparison of results with the previous studies. Materials and Methods: Hundred (100; 57 males and 43 females) newly diagnosed HIV seropositive patients, before starting antiretroviral therapy (ART) were included in the study. These patients were clustered according to CD4+ cells count into three groups: 0–200 cells/mm 3 , 201–499 cells/mm 3 , and more than 500 cells/mm 3 . Orofacial and systemic manifestations of these patients were recorded and correlated with CD4 cells count values. Results: There was no significant correlation found between CD4+ cells count values of males and females using independent t -test. Chi-square test showed significant correlation between the systemic manifestations and CD4+ cells count categories. Tuberculosis was found to be the most common systemic manifestation in both the genders. In addition, a significant correlation was between the CD4+ cells count and orofacial manifestations, where oral candidiasis was found to be the most common manifestation in both the genders. Conclusion: The prevalence of systemic and orofacial manifestations increases with decrease in the CD4+ cells count of HIV seropositive patients. Hence, it can be used as diagnostic and prognostic marker for immune suppression in HIV positive patients.

Association between serum amylase levels and CD4 cell counts in newly diagnosed people living with HIV: A case-control study

“…During HIV infection, HIV damages the host immune system by inducing CD4 cell apoptosis, eventually leading to immunodeficiency and opportunistic infections. [11,12] CD4 cell counts in HIV patients are closely related to disease progression. [11][12][13] However, in newly diagnosed PLWH, CD4 cell counts are often lower than normal at the time of diagnosis, and the degree of decline in CD4 cell counts is often associated with a delay in diagnosis.…”

“…[11,12] CD4 cell counts in HIV patients are closely related to disease progression. [11][12][13] However, in newly diagnosed PLWH, CD4 cell counts are often lower than normal at the time of diagnosis, and the degree of decline in CD4 cell counts is often associated with a delay in diagnosis. [14] Delayed diagnosis of HIV means an increased risk of opportunistic infections and a corresponding reduction in survival time.…”

Associated oral manifestations with HIV southeastern Brazilian patients on antiretroviral therapy

“…Despite the availability of effective treatments, only 67% of people living with HIV have access to Antiretroviral Therapy (ART) 1 . HIV infection results in a reduction in CD4+ T lymphocyte counts, interfering in the immune system leading to greater susceptibility of opportunistic infections and neoplastic processes 2 , 3 .…”

“…Some studies have reported differences in the prevalence of oral manifestations associated with HIV infection 5 , 7 , 10 , 11 . The prevalence of oral lesions could be influenced by the development of the country, demographic locality, healthcare system, medicine availability, HIV strains, stage of HIV, deleterious habits, and gender 3 , 12 , 13 .…”