CE and nanomaterials – Part II: Nanomaterials in CE

Abstract

The scope of this two-part review is to summarize publications dealing with CE and nanomaterials together. This topic can be viewed from two broad perspectives, and this article is trying to highlight these two approaches: (i) CE of nanomaterials, and (ii) nanomaterials in CE. The second part aims at summarization of publications dealing with application of nanomaterials for enhancement of CE performance either in terms of increasing the separation resolution or for improvement of the detection. To increase the resolution, nanomaterials are employed as either surface modification of the capillary wall forming open tubular column or as additives to the separation electrolyte resulting in a pseudostationary phase. Moreover, nanomaterials have proven to be very beneficial for increasing also the sensitivity of detection employed in CE or even they enable the detection (e.g., fluorescent tags of nonfluorescent molecules).

Graphene quantum dots for enhancement of fluorimetric detection coupled to capillary electrophoresis for detection of ofloxacin

“…Nowadays, few analytical methods based on powerful separation techniques that introduced GQDs have been reported. In particular, since the use of nanomaterials in CE has proved to improve CE performance , Sun et al. reported the use of GQDs in the buffer solution as additive for improving the efficiency in separation of compounds of the same family .…”

“…Nowadays, few analytical methods based on powerful separation techniques that introduced GQDs have been reported. In particular, since the use of nanomaterials in CE has proved to improve CE performance [7], Sun et al reported the use of GQDs in the buffer solution as additive for improving the efficiency in separation of compounds of the same family [8]. However, in CE the improvement of sensitivity is important, in order to be compared with other more expensive equipment like those chromatographic techniques combined with spectrometry detection.…”

Recent applications and chiral separation development based on stationary phases in open tubular capillary electrochromatography (2019–2022)

“…NPs are a better choice for pseudo-SPs in background electrolytes. Using NPs as capillary wall coatings can effectively improve the Rs [ 71 ]. NPs in biological samples will form the outer layer on their surface, and this structure is called the “protein corona”.…”

Recent advances in nanomaterial‐assisted detection coupled with capillary and microchip electrophoresis

“…Note that, apart from QDs, noble metal nanomaterials, such as silver nanoclusters [36] and silver nanorod arrays [37], can also be employed in CE‐fluorescence analysis. General reviews of the studies can be found elsewhere [38, 39]. Moreover, because QDs exhibit strong absorption in the UV‐vis region, they were also employed in CE‐UV detection [40].…”