“…Research specifically focused on factchecking has been narrower in scope, often but not entirely concerned with trends and developments in the United States (see Nieminen and Rapeli, 2019: 306). Work is emerging in other parts of the world with recent case studies in Europe (Brandtzaeg et al, 2018;Çömlekçi, 2021;Lopez-Garcia et al, 2021;Lyons et al, 2020); Africa (Cheruiyot and Ferrer-Conill, 2018); Britain (Birks, 2019b); South America (Rodriguez-Perez et al, 2021); and Australia (Brookes, 2018a(Brookes, , 2018bWaller and Brookes, 2022). For the most part, however, these individual case studies or projects are yet to coalesce into sustained programs of research 1 or are influenced by questions and approaches emerging from foundational US-based studies.…”