Celiac Disease and Increased Risk of Pneumococcal Infection: A Systematic Review and Meta-Analysis

Simons, Malorie; Scott-Sheldon, Lori A. J.; Risech-Neyman, Yesenia; Moss, Steven F.; Ludvigsson, Jonas F.; Green, Peter H.R.

doi:10.1016/j.amjmed.2017.07.021

Cited by 60 publications

(41 citation statements)

References 37 publications

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“…It is doubtful if mild iron-deficiency anemia (frequently present in CeD) would be a risk factor for viral infections. Moreover, CeD patients generally show an increased intestinal permeability, which has been held responsible for increasing the risk of multiple organ failure in critically ill patients [ 32 ]. Such a connection has not yet been described for CeD patients, but it is conceivable that such a condition helps the pathogens’ entry.…”

Section: Factors Promoting Infection Susceptibility In Celiac Patientmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…Emilsson et al [ 24 ] have showed that the healing of intestinal mucosa or persistent villous atrophy after GFD do not seem to influence the risk of infection. The increased permeability seems to affect not only the intestinal mucosa but also the respiratory tract, which may as well increase the risk of airborne infections [ 32 ].…”

Section: Factors Promoting Infection Susceptibility In Celiac Patientmentioning

confidence: 99%

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How to manage celiac disease and gluten-free diet during the COVID-19 era: proposals from a tertiary referral center in a high-incidence scenario

et al. 2020

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The outbreak of COVID-19 and SARS-CoV-2 infection is spreading worldwide as the first coronavirus pandemic. The clinical picture is variable but flu-like symptoms are common with bilateral interstitial pneumonia being the most frightening presentation. No specific therapies nor vaccine have been developed to date and the only way to limit the virus diffusion is by modifying one’s lifestyle limiting social life and following strict hygienic precautions. No data is available on the risk of COVID-19 and its outcomes in celiac disease (CeD). The restrictions applied to counter COVID-19 can impact on CeD treatment and gluten-free dieting, the only available therapy for CeD. With the present manuscript, we aim to support gastroenterologists and nutritionists in the management of CeD patients in the new pandemic scenario, being conscious that availability and local situations are extremely various.

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Section: Factors Promoting Infection Susceptibility In Celiac Patientmentioning

confidence: 99%

Section: Factors Promoting Infection Susceptibility In Celiac Patientmentioning

confidence: 99%

How to manage celiac disease and gluten-free diet during the COVID-19 era: proposals from a tertiary referral center in a high-incidence scenario

et al. 2020

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“…Along with the changes in size, functional hyposplenism is of importance in CD patients, as it can lead to thrombocytosis and susceptibility to infections, especially encapsulated bacteria ( Streptococcus pneumoniae, Haemophilus influenzae, Neisseria meningitidis ) [13]. Immunization against these bacteria should be recommended in CD patients [61,62].…”

Section: Hyposplenism and Susceptibility To Infectionsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Hematologic Manifestations in Celiac Disease—A Practical Review

et al. 2019

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Celiac disease (CD) is a systemic autoimmune disease driven by gluten-ingestion in genetically predisposed individuals. Although it primarily affects the small bowel, CD can also involve other organs and manifest as an extraintestinal disease. Among the extraintestinal features of CD, hematologic ones are rather frequent and consist of anemia, thrombocytosis (thrombocytopenia also, but rare), thrombotic or hemorrhagic events, IgA deficiency, hyposplenism, and lymphoma. These hematologic alterations can be the sole manifestation of the disease and should prompt for CD testing in a suggestive clinical scenario. Recognition of these atypical, extraintestinal presentations, including hematologic ones, could represent a great opportunity to increase the diagnostic rate of CD, which is currently one of the most underdiagnosed chronic digestive disorders worldwide. In this review, we summarize recent evidence regarding the hematological manifestations of CD, with focus on practical recommendations for clinicians.

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“…Among AIS patients (on day one and seven), it was significantly lower in those also affected by pneumonia or urinary tract infection [17]. A meta-analysis of studies on celiac disease also suggested that it is associated with an increased risk of pneumococcal infection [26].…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Chocolate Consumers and Lymphocyte-to-Monocyte Ratio: A Working Hypothesis from a Preliminary Report of a Pilot Study in Celiac Subjects

Raguzzini¹,

Poce

Consalvi

et al. 2019

Antioxidants

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Background and aim: The aim of this work was to evaluate the relationship between platelet-to-lymphocyte ratio (PLR) and lymphocyte-to-monocyte ratio (LMR) with habitual consumption of dark chocolate in a group of celiac subjects in which chocolate consumption and lower neutrophil-to-lymphocyte ratio (NLR) association had already been observed. Additionally, due to the known anti-nutrient effect on iron absorption, we evaluated red blood cell count (RBC), mean corpuscular volume (MCV) and hemoglobin (Hb) values. Methods: Chocolate consumers and non-consumers were matched for sex, menopausal status, NLR values over the previously suggested cut off (2.32) for celiac patients, and co-morbidities. Results: Chocolate consumers had high LMR compared to non-consumers, whereas no differences were observed between chocolate consumers and non-consumers in RBC, MCV, Hb and PLR. However, similar number of subjects had PLR higher than the previously suggested cut off (143.7) for celiac disease. Conclusions: This preliminary report suggests a working hypothesis for larger studies aimed at establishing cut off values for LMR in celiac patients and the modulation of this marker by dietary antioxidants.

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Celiac Disease and Increased Risk of Pneumococcal Infection: A Systematic Review and Meta-Analysis

Cited by 60 publications

References 37 publications

How to manage celiac disease and gluten-free diet during the COVID-19 era: proposals from a tertiary referral center in a high-incidence scenario

How to manage celiac disease and gluten-free diet during the COVID-19 era: proposals from a tertiary referral center in a high-incidence scenario

Hematologic Manifestations in Celiac Disease—A Practical Review

Chocolate Consumers and Lymphocyte-to-Monocyte Ratio: A Working Hypothesis from a Preliminary Report of a Pilot Study in Celiac Subjects

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