Cell-Free Fat Extract Increases Dermal Thickness by Enhancing Angiogenesis and Extracellular Matrix Production in Nude Mice

Abstract

Background Although adipose-derived stem cells (ADSCs) and nanofat exert antiaging effects on skin, they contain cellular components that have certain limitations in clinical practice. Cell-free fat extract (Ceffe) is a fraction purified from nanofat through removal of cellular components and lipid remnants that contains various growth factors. Objectives The purpose of this study was to evaluate the effects of Ceffe on cultured human dermal fibroblasts in vitro and on the dermis of nude mice in vivo. Methods In the in vitro study, human dermal fibroblasts were cultured with Ceffe for 72 hours, followed by flow cytometry measurement of cell proliferation and cell cycle. In the in vivo study, different concentrations of Ceffe were injected into the dorsal skin of nude mice for 4 weeks. The thickness of the dermis; proliferation of cells; density of the capillary; and expressions of type I and III collagen (Col-1 and Col-3), matrix metalloproteinase-1, matrix metalloproteinase-3, tissue inhibitor of metalloproteinase-1, and tissue inhibitor of metalloproteinase-3 were measured through histologic and Western blot analyses. Results Ceffe significantly increased cell proliferation in cultured dermal fibroblasts. In the mouse skin, Ceffe significantly increased the thickness of the dermis, number of proliferating cells, density of the capillary, and expressions of Col-1 and Col-3. Conclusions Ceffe increased the dermal thickness of nude mice, possibly by enhancing angiogenesis and extracellular matrix production, and can therefore be used for skin rejuvenation.

Therapeutic applications of adipose cell-free derivatives: a review

“…Then centrifuge at 2000 g for 5 min and filter with a 0.22-μm syringe filter 6. Or after being frozen and thawed for one cycle and centrifuge at 1200 g for 5 min, then filter with a 0.22μm syringe filter Rich in cytokines, but the source is relatively limited VEGF [23][24][25][26] bFGF [24][25][26][27] BDNF [23,27];GDNF [23,27] TGF-β [23,26,27]; HGF [23,26,27]; PDGF [23,26,27]; IGF-1 [80,85]; KGF [28] dimensional culture, ADSC-CM from three-dimensional culture showed a superior stimulatory effect on the proliferation and migration of fibroblasts and keratinocytes and was more effective in promoting wound healing [32]. This was consistent with the finding that galectin-1 was only detected in ADSC-CM from three-dimensional culture, which was found to be an important factor for the migration of keratinocytes [32], as well as to the higher cytokine secretion [44].…”

“…Deng et al [64] showed that ATE could promote the proliferation of dermal fibroblasts, thereby increasing ECM synthesis and reducing UVB-induced intracellular ROS accumulation through the upregulation of the expression of the antioxidant enzyme glutathione peroxidase (Gpx-1), ultimately exerting antiphotoaging effects. Additionally, Zheng et al [26] observed that the expression of MMP-1 and MMP-3 decreased and that of TIMP1 and TIMP3 increased in nude mice treated with ATE, indicating that ATE could promote ECM production, increase the thickness of the nude mouse dermis, and inhibit collagen degradation.…”

Cell-free Fat Extract Promote Axon Regeneration: a Pre-clinical Study.

“…Given our previous ndings on CEFFE's positive effects on wound healing, [8][9][10][11]15] we examined its effects on injured CNS repair. In the present study, we demonstrated that CEFFE has neuroprotective and axon regenerating effects on injured RGCs, which suggest its potential clinical applications.…”

“…The CEFFE was prepared in accordance with previously established methods [8][9][10]. Brie y, human adipose tissue was obtained from healthy female donors who underwent liposuction.…”

Application of adipose-derived stem cells in photoaging: basic science and literature review

“…Plant extracts [ 9 ], antioxidants [ 10 ], growth factors and cytokines [ 11 ], and stem cells [ 12 ] can be used to treat photoaging. Recently, stem cell therapy has attracted great attention because it can improve the regeneration ability of various tissues [ 12 – 14 ]. It is reported that stem cells and their derivatives are able to ameliorate skin conditions to some extent [ 15 ].…”