Cell-mediated nanoparticle delivery systems: towards precision nanomedicine

Abstract

Cell-mediated nanoparticle delivery systems (CMNDDs) utilize cells as carriers to deliver the drug-loaded nanoparticles. Unlike the traditional nanoparticle drug delivery approaches, CMNDDs take the advantages of cell characteristics, such as the homing capabilities of stem cells, inflammatory chemotaxis of neutrophils, prolonged blood circulation of red blood cells, and internalization of macrophages. Subsequently, CMNDDs can easily prolong the blood circulation, cross biological barriers, such as the blood-brain barrier and the bone marrow–blood barrier, and rapidly arrive at the diseased areas. Such advantageous properties make CMNDDs promising delivery candidates for precision targeting. In this review, we summarize the recent advances in CMNDDs fabrication and biomedical applications. Specifically, ligand-receptor interactions, non-covalent interactions, covalent interactions, and internalization are commonly applied in constructing CMNDDs in vitro. By hitchhiking cells, such as macrophages, red blood cells, monocytes, neutrophils, and platelets, nanoparticles can be internalized or attached to cells to construct CMNDDs in vivo. Then we highlight the recent application of CMNDDs in treating different diseases, such as cancer, central nervous system disorders, lung diseases, and cardiovascular diseases, with a brief discussion about challenges and future perspectives in the end. Graphical abstracts

Advances on Delivery System of Active Ingredients of Dried Toad Skin and Toad Venom

“…The aforementioned biomimetic targeted delivery systems formed by a single cell membrane have demonstrated all the excellent characteristics with some inherited advantages, but at present, hybrid membranes formed by combining two or several different cells exhibit even more incredible vitality. For example, hybrid membranes formed from erythrocyte and membranes of different tumor cancer cells can be used to provide targeted drug delivery systems that offer either lower immunogenicity and longer circulation durability due to the presence of red-cell membrane proteins, 135 or precision delivery owing to the homologous targeting ability of cancer cells. Subsequently, the hybrid membranes formed by erythrocyte and specific cancer cell membranes will be discussed.…”