Cell Surface Proteomic Map of HIV Infection Reveals Antagonism of Amino Acid Metabolism by Vpu and Nef

Matheson, Nicholas J; Sumner, Jonathan; Wals, Kim; Rapiteanu, Radu; Weekes, Michael P.; Vigan, Raphaël; Weinelt, Julia; Schindler, Michael; Antrobus, Robin; Costa, Ana S.H.; Frezza, Christian; Clish, Clary B.; Neil, Stuart J. D.; Lehner, Paul J.

doi:10.1016/j.chom.2015.09.003

Cited by 159 publications

(210 citation statements)

References 47 publications

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“…The presence of this G2 arrest protein signature indirectly validates our strategy. Taken together, these data indicate that SILAC represents a powerful tool to study rapid large-scale proteomic changes in the cellular environment induced by HIV-1 Vpr, as has been recently demonstrated for other HIV proteins (56). Of note, we also validated our SILAC procedure with the observation that SAMHD1 levels were strongly decreased on delivery of HIV-2/SIVsmm Vpx protein as expected (57,58).…”

Section: Resultssupporting

confidence: 52%

HIV-1 Vpr degrades the HLTF DNA translocase in T cells and macrophages

Lahouassa

Blondot

Chauveau

et al. 2016

Proc. Natl. Acad. Sci. U.S.A.

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Viruses often interfere with the DNA damage response to better replicate in their hosts. The human immunodeficiency virus 1 (HIV-1) viral protein R (Vpr) protein has been reported to modulate the activity of the DNA repair structure-specific endonuclease subunit (SLX4) complex and to promote cell cycle arrest. Vpr also interferes with the base-excision repair pathway by antagonizing the uracil DNA glycosylase (Ung2) enzyme. Using an unbiased quantitative proteomic screen, we report that Vpr down-regulates helicase-like transcription factor (HLTF), a DNA translocase involved in the repair of damaged replication forks. Vpr subverts the DDB1-cullin4-associatedfactor 1 (DCAF1) adaptor of the Cul4A ubiquitin ligase to trigger proteasomal degradation of HLTF. This event takes place rapidly after Vpr delivery to cells, before and independently of Vpr-mediated G2 arrest. HLTF is degraded in lymphocytic cells and macrophages infected with Vpr-expressing HIV-1. Our results reveal a previously unidentified strategy for HIV-1 to antagonize DNA repair in host cells.HIV | restriction factor | DNA repair | Vpr target | SILAC

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Section: Resultssupporting

confidence: 52%

HIV-1 Vpr degrades the HLTF DNA translocase in T cells and macrophages

Lahouassa

Blondot

Chauveau

et al. 2016

Proc. Natl. Acad. Sci. U.S.A.

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“…By virtue of this adaptor function, Nef affects many central processes in HIV target cells. This includes modulation of cellular transport pathways leading to downregulation of an array of receptors from the surface of infected cells (4)(5)(6), which, e.g., prevents superinfection (7,8) and lysis of productively infected cells by cytotoxic T or NK cells (9,10). HIV-1 Nef also alters the response of CD4 T lymphocytes to stimulation via the T cell receptor (TCR), and modulation of the resulting cellular signaling pathways is thought to increase virus replication in the infected host (11)(12)(13)(14)(15)(16)(17).…”

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confidence: 99%

The Antagonism of HIV-1 Nef to SERINC5 Particle Infectivity Restriction Involves the Counteraction of Virion-Associated Pools of the Restriction Factor

Trautz

Pierini

Wombacher

et al. 2016

J Virol

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SERINC3 (serine incorporator 3) and SERINC5 are recently identified host cell inhibitors of HIV-1 particle infectivity that are counteracted by the viral pathogenesis factor Nef. Here we confirm that HIV-1 Nef, but not HIV-1 Vpu, antagonizes the particle infectivity restriction of SERINC5. SERINC5 antagonism occurred in parallel with other Nef activities, including cell surface receptor downregulation, trans-Golgi network targeting of Lck, and inhibition of host cell actin dynamics. Interaction motifs with host cell endocytic machinery and the Nef-associated kinase complex, as well as CD4 cytoplasmic tail/HIV-1 protease, were identified as essential Nef determinants for SERINC5 antagonism. Characterization of antagonism-deficient Nef mutants revealed that counteraction of SERINC5 occurs in the absence of retargeting of the restriction factor to intracellular compartments and reduction of SERINC5 cell surface density is insufficient for antagonism. Consistent with virion incorporation of SERINC5 being a prerequisite for its antiviral activity, the infectivity of HIV-1 particles produced in the absence of a SERINC5 antagonist decreased with increasing amounts of virion SERINC5. At low levels of SERINC5 expression, enhancement of virion infectivity by Nef was associated with reduced virion incorporation of SERINC5 and antagonism-defective Nef mutants failed to exclude SERINC5 from virions. However, at elevated levels of SERINC5 expression, Nef maintained infectious HIV particles, despite significant virion incorporation of the restriction factor. These results suggest that in addition to virion exclusion, Nef employs a cryptic mechanism to antagonize virion-associated SERINC5. The involvement of common determinants suggests that the antagonism of Nef to SERINC5 and the downregulation of cell surface CD4 by Nef involve related molecular mechanisms. IMPORTANCEHIV-1 Nef critically determines virus spread and disease progression in infected individuals by incompletely defined mechanisms. SERINC3 and SERINC5 were recently identified as potent inhibitors of HIV particle infectivity whose antiviral activity is antagonized by HIV-1 Nef. To address the mechanism of SERINC5 antagonism, we identified four molecular determinants of Nef antagonism that are all linked to the mechanism by which Nef downregulates cell surface CD4. Functional characterization of these mutants revealed that endosomal targeting and cell surface downregulation of SERINC5 are dispensable and insufficient for antagonism, respectively. In contrast, virion exclusion and antagonism of SERINC5 were correlated; however, Nef was also able to enhance the infectivity of virions that incorporated robust levels of SERINC5. These results suggest that the antagonism of HIV-1 Nef to SERINC5 restriction of virion infectivity is mediated by a dual mechanism that is related to CD4 downregulation. Nef is a myristoylated 25-to 34-kDa protein that, in addition to human immunodeficiency virus type 1 (HIV-1), is encoded by HIV-2 and simian immunodeficiency virus (S...

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“…They include immunoreceptors, such as human leukocyte antigen C (HLA-C) (20), NK-T-B antigen (NTB-A) (21), CD1d (22), and poliovirus receptor (PVR) (23); homing molecules, like CCR7 (24) and CD62L (25); sodium-coupled neutral amino acid transporter 1 (SNAT1) (26); and numerous members of the tetraspanin family (27). These downregulations lead to a wide array of immunomodulatory effects, including immune evasion and metabolic dysfunction.…”

mentioning

confidence: 99%

HIV-1 Vpu Downmodulates ICAM-1 Expression, Resulting in Decreased Killing of Infected CD4 ⁺ T Cells by NK Cells

Sugden

Pham

Cohen

2017

J Virol

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HIV-1 Vpu is known to alter the expression of numerous cell surface molecules. Given the ever-increasing list of Vpu targets identified to date, we undertook a proteomic screen to discover novel cell membrane proteins modulated by this viral protein. Plasma membrane proteome isolates from Vpu-inducible T cells were subjected to stable isotope labeling of amino acids in cell culture (SILAC)-based mass spectrometry analysis, and putative targets were validated by infection of primary CD4 ϩ T cells. We report here that while intercellular adhesion molecule 1 (ICAM-1) and ICAM-3 are upregulated by HIV-1 infection, expression of Vpu offsets this increase by downregulating these molecules from the cell surface. Specifically, we show that Vpu is sufficient to downregulate and deplete ICAM-1 in a manner requiring the Vpu transmembrane domain and a dual-serine (S52/S56) motif necessary for recruitment of the beta-transducin repeat-containing E3 ubiquitin protein ligase (␤-TrCP) component of the Skp, Cullin, F-box (SCF ␤-TrCP ) E3 ubiquitin ligase. Vpu interacts with ICAM-1 to induce its proteasomal degradation. Interestingly, the E3 ubiquitin ligase component ␤-TrCP-1 is dispensable for ICAM-1 surface downregulation yet is necessary for ICAM-1 degradation. Functionally, Vpu-mediated ICAM-1 downregulation lowers packaging of this adhesion molecule into virions, resulting in decreased infectivity. Importantly, while Vpu-mediated downregulation of ICAM-3 has a limited effect on the conjugation of NK cells to HIV-1-infected CD4 ϩ T cells, downregulation of ICAM-1 by Vpu results in a reduced ability of NK cells to bind and kill infected T cells. Vpu-mediated ICAM-1 downregulation may therefore represent an evolutionary compromise in viral fitness by impeding the formation of cellto-cell contacts between immune cells and infected T cells at the cost of decreased virion infectivity. IMPORTANCEThe major barrier to eradicating HIV-1 infection is the establishment of treatment-resistant reservoirs early in infection. Vpu-mediated ICAM-1 downregulation may contribute to the evasion of cell-mediated immunity during acute infection to promote viral dissemination and the development of viral reservoirs. By aiding the immune system to clear infection prior to the development of reservoirs, novel treatments designed to disrupt Vpu-mediated ICAM-1 downregulation may be beneficial during acute infection or as a prophylactic treatment.KEYWORDS ICAM-1, NK cell-mediated killing, Vpu, human immunodeficiency virus, immune evasion, immunological synapse, viral infectivity T he vpu gene is found exclusively in human immunodeficiency virus type 1 (HIV-1) and several closely related simian immunodeficiency viruses (SIV) and codes for a 16-to 17-kDa nonstructural protein (1, 2). Although Vpu is not strictly required for virus

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Cell Surface Proteomic Map of HIV Infection Reveals Antagonism of Amino Acid Metabolism by Vpu and Nef

Cited by 159 publications

References 47 publications

HIV-1 Vpr degrades the HLTF DNA translocase in T cells and macrophages

HIV-1 Vpr degrades the HLTF DNA translocase in T cells and macrophages

The Antagonism of HIV-1 Nef to SERINC5 Particle Infectivity Restriction Involves the Counteraction of Virion-Associated Pools of the Restriction Factor

HIV-1 Vpu Downmodulates ICAM-1 Expression, Resulting in Decreased Killing of Infected CD4 ⁺ T Cells by NK Cells

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Cell Surface Proteomic Map of HIV Infection Reveals Antagonism of Amino Acid Metabolism by Vpu and Nef

Cited by 159 publications

References 47 publications

HIV-1 Vpr degrades the HLTF DNA translocase in T cells and macrophages

HIV-1 Vpr degrades the HLTF DNA translocase in T cells and macrophages

The Antagonism of HIV-1 Nef to SERINC5 Particle Infectivity Restriction Involves the Counteraction of Virion-Associated Pools of the Restriction Factor

HIV-1 Vpu Downmodulates ICAM-1 Expression, Resulting in Decreased Killing of Infected CD4 + T Cells by NK Cells

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HIV-1 Vpu Downmodulates ICAM-1 Expression, Resulting in Decreased Killing of Infected CD4 ⁺ T Cells by NK Cells