Cell types and molecular architecture of the Octopus bimaculoides visual system

Songco-Casey, Jeremea O.; Coffing, Gabrielle C.; Piscopo, Denise M.; Pungor, Judit R.; Kern, Andrew D.; Miller, Adam C.; Niell, Cristopher M.

doi:10.1016/j.cub.2022.10.015

Cited by 34 publications

(19 citation statements)

References 82 publications

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“…6 ). We found multiple cell types that further divide the ogl and igl into molecularly distinct sublayers, similar in composition to those identified in O. bimaculoides 56 . This laminated appearance of molecularly different cell types is reminiscent of the vertebrate retina, as well as the optic lobe medulla in the fly 57 , 58 .…”

Section: Resultssupporting

confidence: 69%

Cell type diversity in a developing octopus brain

et al. 2022

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Octopuses are mollusks that have evolved intricate neural systems comparable with vertebrates in terms of cell number, complexity and size. The brain cell types that control their sophisticated behavioral repertoire are still unknown. Here, we profile the cell diversity of the paralarval Octopus vulgaris brain to build a cell type atlas that comprises mostly neural cells, but also multiple glial subtypes, endothelial cells and fibroblasts. We spatially map cell types to the vertical, subesophageal and optic lobes. Investigation of cell type conservation reveals a shared gene signature between glial cells of mouse, fly and octopus. Genes related to learning and memory are enriched in vertical lobe cells, which show molecular similarities with Kenyon cells in Drosophila. We construct a cell type taxonomy revealing transcriptionally related cell types, which tend to appear in the same brain region. Together, our data sheds light on cell type diversity and evolution in the octopus brain.

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Section: Resultssupporting

confidence: 69%

Cell type diversity in a developing octopus brain

et al. 2022

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“…One final example of overlapping expression profiles is the colocalization of dopaminergic (TyH) and glutamatergic (vGluT and slc6a15/18) markers (Figure 6). This is consistent with observations of such cells in the developing 27 and adult 26 optic lobes. While the majority of glutamatergic neurons are not dopaminergic, we observed that the majority of dopaminergic neurons in the arm did also express both glutamatergic markers (vGluT and slc6a15/18).…”

Section: Expression Profiles Of Distinct Neuronal Populationssupporting

confidence: 93%

“…This suggests that there may be multiple sub-populations within each cell type, for which molecular diversity is just as (or perhaps more) complex as the morphological and anatomical diversity described above. Another example of this is a partial overlap between dopaminergic and glutamatergic neurons that has also been identified in the inner granular layer of adult 26 and developing 27 octopus optic lobes. The ANC cortical layer contains cells that appear to be both glutamatergic (vGluT and slc6a15/18-positive) and dopaminergic (TyH-positive), as well as cells that produce glutamate or dopamine, but not both (Figure 6).…”

Section: Excitatory and Inhibitory Markersmentioning

confidence: 98%

Three-Dimensional Molecular Atlas of Octopus Arm Neuroanatomy Highlights Spatial and Functional Complexity

Winters-Bostwick,

Giancola-Detmering,

Bostwick

et al. 2024

Preprint

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Octopus arms, notable for their complex anatomy and remarkable flexibility, have sparked significant interest within the neuroscience community. However, there remains a dearth of knowledge about the molecular and functional identities of various cell types in the arm nervous system. To address this gap, we used hybridization chain reaction (HCR) to identify distinct neuronal types in the arms of the pygmy octopus,Octopus bocki, including putative dopaminergic, octopaminergic, serotonergic, GABAergic, glutamatergic, cholinergic, and peptidergic neurons. We obtained high-resolution multiplexed fluorescent images at 0.28x0.28x1.0 µM voxel size from 10 arm base and arm tip cross sections (each 50 µM thick) and created three-dimensional reconstructions of the axial ganglia, illustrating the spatial distribution of multiple neuronal populations. Our analysis unveiled anatomically distinct and molecularly diverse scattered neurons, while also highlighting multiple populations of dense small excitatory neurons that appear uniformly distributed throughout the cortical layer. Our data provide new insights into how different types of neurons may contribute to the ability of an octopus to interact with its environment and execute complex tasks. In addition, our findings establish a benchmark for future studies, allowing pioneering exploration of octopus arm molecular neuroanatomy, and offering exciting new avenues in invertebrate neuroscience research.

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“…Neurons of the medulla have processes within superficial layers of the optic lobe as well as locally within the medulla, and many project axons out from the optic lobe to downstream visual areas. Recent transcriptomic studies have further revealed a rich diversity of cell types within the optic lobe, as well as extensive sub-laminar organization (Songco-Casey et al 2022; Styfhals et al 2022; Gavriouchkina et al, 2022; Duruz et al 2023).…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Functional organization of visual responses in the octopus optic lobe

Pungor

Allen

Songco-Casey

et al. 2023

Preprint

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Cephalopods are highly visual animals with camera-type eyes, large brains, and a rich repertoire of visually guided behaviors. However, the cephalopod brain evolved independently from that of other highly visual species, such as vertebrates, and therefore the neural circuits that process sensory information are profoundly different. It is largely unknown how their powerful but unique visual system functions, since there have been no direct neural measurements of visual responses in the cephalopod brain. In this study, we used two-photon calcium imaging to record visually evoked responses in the primary visual processing center of the octopus central brain, the optic lobe, to determine how basic features of the visual scene are represented and organized. We found spatially localized receptive fields for light (ON) and dark (OFF) stimuli, which were retinotopically organized across the optic lobe, demonstrating a hallmark of visual system organization shared across many species. Examination of these responses revealed transformations of the visual representation across the layers of the optic lobe, including the emergence of the OFF pathway and increased size selectivity. We also identified asymmetries in the spatial processing of ON and OFF stimuli, which suggest unique circuit mechanisms for form processing that may have evolved to suit the specific demands of processing an underwater visual scene. This study provides insight into the neural processing and functional organization of the octopus visual system, highlighting both shared and unique aspects, and lays a foundation for future studies of the neural circuits that mediate visual processing and behavior in cephalopods.

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Cell types and molecular architecture of the Octopus bimaculoides visual system

Cited by 34 publications

References 82 publications

Cell type diversity in a developing octopus brain

Cell type diversity in a developing octopus brain

Three-Dimensional Molecular Atlas of Octopus Arm Neuroanatomy Highlights Spatial and Functional Complexity

Functional organization of visual responses in the octopus optic lobe

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