Cell viability in normal fibroblasts and liver cancer cells after treatment with iron (III), nickel (II), and their mixture

Abstract

IntroductionNickel and iron are very commonly occurring metals. Nickel is used in industry, but nowadays it is also used in medical biomaterials. Iron is an element necessary for cell metabolism and is used in diet supplements and biomaterials, whence it may be released along with nickel.Material and MethodsBALB/3T3 and HepG2 cells were incubated with iron chloride or nickel chloride at concentrations ranging from 100 to 1,400 μM. The following mixtures were used: iron chloride 200 μM plus nickel chloride 1,000 μM, or iron chloride 1,000 μM plus nickel chloride 200 μM. The cell viability was determined with MTT, LHD, and NRU tests.ResultsA decrease in cell viability was observed after incubating the BALB/3T3 and HepG2 cells with iron chloride or nickel chloride. A synergistic effect was observed after iron chloride 1,000 μM plus nickel chloride 200 μM treatment in all assays. Moreover, the same effect was observed in the pair iron chloride 200 μM plus nickel chloride 1,000 μM in the LDH and NRU assays.ConclusionsIron (III) and nickel (II) decrease cell viability. Iron chloride at a concentration of 200 μM protects mitochondria from nickel chloride toxicity.

Toxicity of organic and inorganic nickel in pancreatic cell cultures: Comparison to cadmium

“…In mouse cells, lower concentrations of Ni (100-200 μM) increased viability compared to control values, but at 600-800 μM, there was a nearly 50% reduction in viability (48). In human HepG2 cells, increasing Ni concentration, resulted in decreasing viability, with a 50% reduction at 400-600 μM (48). In human lymphocytes, significant reductions in viability were not observed until a concentration of 3 mM was exceeded (18).…”

“…In mouse and human cell lines, NiCl2 exposure elicits an interesting profile of toxicity. In mouse cells, lower concentrations of Ni (100-200 μM) increased viability compared to control values, but at 600-800 μM, there was a nearly 50% reduction in viability (48). In human HepG2 cells, increasing Ni concentration, resulted in decreasing viability, with a 50% reduction at 400-600 μM (48).…”

Quantitative evaluation of human sperm viability using MTT assay: A laboratory study

“…In the present study, MTT assay was used to quantitatively assess human sperm viability. This assessment is widely used for estimating the viability and mitochondrial integrity in many cell types (10)(11)(12)(13) including the sperm cell of several species (5,6,14). Since impaired sperm mitochondrial activity negatively affects sperm viability, it might attribute to male infertility.…”

“…Although this test is widely used to assess cell viability and proliferation (4), and to measure mitochondrial integrity, it should be born in mind that MTT reduction can also be a result of the activity of dehydrogenases outside the mitochondria (17). Nevertheless, MTT assay is still a convenient and inexpensive method for assessing cell viability in a variety of cells (10,13) and tissues (18). indicate its structural and functional quality to move toward an egg for successful fertilization" (19).…”

Monosubstituted tricationic Zn(II) phthalocyanine enhances antimicrobial photodynamic inactivation (aPDI) of methicillin-resistant Staphylococcus aureus (MRSA) and cytotoxicity evaluation for topical applications: in vitro and in vivo study

“…The treated plates were re-incubated at 37°C for 48 h in dark. At the end of the incubation period, cell viability was determined by the 3-(4,5-dimethylthiazol-2-yl)-2,5-diphenyltetrazolium bromide (MTT) assay [ 48 ]. The optical density (OD) of each well was determined at 540 nm using a microplate reader (Bio-Tek Elx800, Winooski, VT).…”