Cell Wall Chemistry, Morphogenesis, and Taxonomy of Fungi

Bartnicki-García, S.

doi:10.1146/annurev.mi.22.100168.000511

Cited by 1,490 publications

(664 citation statements)

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“…Chitin and b-1,3-glucan represent the main structural components of fungal cell walls [9]. These polysaccharides oppose the positive turgor pressure within the cell and ultimately determine its morphology [7,10].…”

Section: Paracoccidioides Brasiliensis and Its Cell Wallmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…Chitin is the third polysaccharide conforming P. brasiliensis cell walls in both the M and Y phases [for a review, see 6]. While b-1,3-glucan and chitin are recurrent cell wall polysaccharides in the Kingdom Fungi [9], a-1,3-glucan is a rather infrequent occurrence. Besides P. brasiliensis, it has been reported in Schizosaccharomyces pombe [16], Aspergillus nidulans [17], Aspergillus niger [18], Aspergillus fumigatus [19], Cryptococcus neoformans [20], Histoplasma capsulatum [21], and Blastomyces dermatitidis [22], among a few others.…”

Section: Paracoccidioides Brasiliensis and Its Cell Wallmentioning

confidence: 99%

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Paracoccidioides brasiliensis: chemical and molecular tools for research on cell walls, antifungals, diagnosis, taxonomy

San-Blas

Niño-Vega

2008

Mycopathologia

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Paracoccidioides brasiliensis is a dimorphic fungus, a causative agent of paracoccidioidomycosis, one of the most frequent systemic mycoses that affect the rural population in Latin America, only geographical region in which this fungus is to be found. In this work, we discuss matters related to (a) cell wall studies based on the cloning and analysis of genes involved in the synthesis of cell wall components, and their possible roles in virulence and dimorphism in P. brasiliensis, (b) molecular taxonomy and the molecular classification of P. brasiliensis as an Ascomycete belonging in the Order Onygenales, (c) phylogeny of P. brasiliensis and the possible existence of cryptic species within the genus Paracoccidioides, and (d) new experimental antifungal drugs such as azasterols or sterol hydrazones, compounds that affect the activity of D 24(28) sterol methyl reductase (SMR) and/or D (24) -sterol methyl transferase (SMT), and (e) specific primers for the molecular detection of P. brasiliensis in vitro and in clinical samples.

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Section: Paracoccidioides Brasiliensis and Its Cell Wallmentioning

confidence: 99%

Section: Paracoccidioides Brasiliensis and Its Cell Wallmentioning

confidence: 99%

Paracoccidioides brasiliensis: chemical and molecular tools for research on cell walls, antifungals, diagnosis, taxonomy

San-Blas

Niño-Vega

2008

Mycopathologia

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“…Chitin is a homopolymer of β-1,4-N-acetyl--glucosamine and constitutes an important component of the cell wall of various fungi [1], the exoskeleton of arthropods [2] and the egg shell of nematodes [3]. Endochitinases (EC 3.2.1.14) [4] are found in chitin-containing organisms, as well as in organisms that do not contain chitin, such as plants, bacteria and vertebrates.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…In the beetle Tenebrio molitor, the cuticle of the three post-embryonic developmental stages is secreted by the same cell lineage, Abbreviations used : 20E, 20-hydroxyecdysone ; JH, juvenile hormone ; poly(A) + , polyadenylated ; TmChit5, Tenebrio molitor chitinase 5 ; TmEcR, T. molitor ecdysone receptor. 1 To whom correspondence should be addressed (e-mail hbouhin!u-bourgogne.fr).…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

A novel putative insect chitinase with multiple catalytic domains: hormonal regulation during metamorphosis

Royer

Fraichard

Bouhin

2002

Biochemical Journal

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We have used differential display to identify genes that are regulated by juvenile hormone in the epidermis of the beetle Tenebrio molitor. One of the genes encodes T. molitor chitinase 5 (TmChit5), a chitinase possessing an unusual structure. Sequence analysis of TmChit5 identified five ' chitinase units ' of approx. 480 amino acids with similarity to chitinase family 18. These units are separated by less conserved regions containing putative PEST (rich in proline, glutamic acid, serine and threonine) sequences, putative chitin-binding domains and mucin domains. Northern-blot analysis identified a single transcript of approx. 9 kb, whose abundance correlated with that of

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“…The wall, more than any other cellular organelle, taxonomically defines fungi and distinguishes them from other organisms. Knowledge of fungal cell wall structure is of interest for taxonomy (12) and in the search for potential target sites for new chemotherapeutical agents (13).…”

mentioning

confidence: 99%

Efecto comparativo del tetróxido de osmio y del tetróxido de rutenio como fijadores sobre la ultraestructura de la pared celular de hongos

Torres‐Fernández

Ordóñez

2003

biomedica

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The fungal cell wall viewed through the electron microscope appears transparent when fixed by the conventional osmium tetroxide method. However, ruthenium tetroxide post-fixing has revealed new details in the ultrastructure of Penicillium sp. hyphae and Saccharomyces cerevisiae yeast. Most significant was the demonstration of two or three opaque diverse electron dense layers on the cell wall of each species. Two additional features were detected. Penicillium septa presented a three-layered appearance and budding S. cerevisiae yeast cell walls showed inner filiform cell wall protrusions into the cytoplasm. The combined use of osmium tetroxide and ruthenium tetroxide is recommended for post-fixing in electron microscopy studies of fungi.Key words: fungal cell wall, fungal ultrastructure, osmium tetroxide, ruthenium tetroxide, Penicillium sp., Saccharomyces cerevisiae.Efecto comparativo del tetróxido de osmio y del tetróxido de rutenio como fijadores sobre la ultraestructura de la pared celular de hongos Al microscopio electrónico, la pared celular de los hongos es de apariencia translúcida en especímenes procesados mediante la posfijación convencional con tetróxido de osmio. La posfijación con tetróxido de rutenio reveló nuevos detalles ultraestructurales en hifas de Penicillium sp. y en levaduras de Saccharomyces cerevisiae. El aspecto más destacado fue la modificación en la transparencia de la pared celular, característica de la fijación con tetróxido de osmio. El tetróxido de rutenio permite verla como una estructura compuesta por dos o tres capas oscuras de diferente tonalidad. Se observaron también otros dos rasgos importantes: los septos en las hifas de Penicillium sp. presentaban una apariencia trilaminar y en la pared celular de las levaduras de S. cerevisiae, en etapa de gemación, se destacaban unas prolongaciones filiformes que emergían desde la capa interna y se proyectaban hacia el citoplasma. Se recomienda el uso combinado de los dos fijadores en estudios ultraestructurales de los hongos.Palabras clave: pared celular, ultraestructura de los hongos, tetróxido de osmio, tetróxido de rutenio, Penicillium sp., Saccharomyces cerevisiae.

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Cell Wall Chemistry, Morphogenesis, and Taxonomy of Fungi

Cited by 1,490 publications

References 69 publications

Paracoccidioides brasiliensis: chemical and molecular tools for research on cell walls, antifungals, diagnosis, taxonomy

Paracoccidioides brasiliensis: chemical and molecular tools for research on cell walls, antifungals, diagnosis, taxonomy

A novel putative insect chitinase with multiple catalytic domains: hormonal regulation during metamorphosis

Efecto comparativo del tetróxido de osmio y del tetróxido de rutenio como fijadores sobre la ultraestructura de la pared celular de hongos

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