Cell wall dimensions reign supreme: cell wall composition is irrelevant for the temperature signal of latewood density/blue intensity in Scots pine

Björklund, Jesper; Fonti, Marina V.; Fonti, Patrick; Bulcke, Jan Van den; Arx, Georg von

doi:10.1016/j.dendro.2020.125785

Cited by 32 publications

(23 citation statements)

References 26 publications

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“…However, this period is unlikely to be long enough nor sufficiently severe to cause the anomalous wood anatomy and low MXD seen in the 1783 ring [Begum et al, 2012]. Low August and September temperatures that cause an early end to the growing season, as well as ephemeral cold snaps, have been previously linked to lower MXD and associated with 'light rings' [Szeicz , 1996;Gindl et al, 2000;Vaganov et al, 2006;Edwards et al, 2021] or 'blue rings' [Piermattei et al, 2015;Matisons et al, 2020;Piermattei et al, 2020;Björklund et al, 2021], neither of which are observed in the 1783 rings. Damage to vegetation from Laki acid deposition was often at the time erroneously attributed to overnight frost across Europe, including in Sweden [Thordarson and Self , 2003].…”

Section: Potential Causes Of Low Mxd and Iadfs In 1783mentioning

confidence: 94%

The origin of tree-ring reconstructed summer cooling in Northern Europe during the 18th century eruption of Laki

Edwards¹,

Anchukaitis²,

Gunnarson³

et al. 2022

Preprint

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Basaltic fissure eruptions, which are characteristic of Icelandic volcanism, are extremely hazardous due to the large quantities of gases and aerosols they release into the atmosphere. The 1783 --1784 CE Laki eruption was one of the most significant high-latitude eruptions in the last millennium and had substantial environmental and climatic impacts. Contemporary observations recorded the presence of a sulfuric haze over Iceland and Europe, which caused famine from vegetation damage and resulted in a high occurrence of respiratory illnesses and related mortality. Historical records in northern Europe show that the summer of 1783 was anomalously warm, but regional tree-ring maximum latewood density (MXD) data from that year are low and lead to erroneously colder reconstructed summer temperatures. Here we measure wood anatomical characteristics of Scots pine (Pinus sylvestris) from Jämtland, Sweden in order to identify the cause of this discrepancy. We show that the presence of intra-annual density fluctuations in the majority of 1783 growth rings, a sudden reduction in lumen and cell wall area, and the measurement resolution of traditional x-ray densitometry lead to the observed reduced annual MXD value. Multiple independent lines of evidence suggest these anatomical anomalies were most likely the result of direct acidic damage to trees in Northern Europe. The common relationship between summer temperature and MXD can be disrupted by acidic haze damage to trees. Our study also demonstrates that quantitative wood anatomy offers a high resolution approach to identifying anomalous years and extreme events in the tree-ring record.

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Section: Potential Causes Of Low Mxd and Iadfs In 1783mentioning

confidence: 94%

The origin of tree-ring reconstructed summer cooling in Northern Europe during the 18th century eruption of Laki

Edwards¹,

Anchukaitis²,

Gunnarson³

et al. 2022

Preprint

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“…In our study, wood density was mostly correlated with the density of the fibers in both stands which, in turn, was mostly explained by the thickness of the fiber cell walls (Figures 6C,D). A strong correlation between CWT and wood density has been well reported for conifers (Björklund et al, 2017(Björklund et al, , 2021, but remains less clear for angiosperms, where vessels, fibers, and parenchyma influence density in different ways. Interannual wood density variability in alder, although also influenced by the fiber to vessel area ratio (Supplementary Figure 16), is mostly driven by interannual variability in fiber CWT, which is more related to intrinsic physiological processes or biotic factors than climate variables or changing water regimes (Figure 3 and Supplementary Figure 12).…”

Section: Alder Wood Density and Its Links To Anatomymentioning

confidence: 96%

“…The adjustment of the wood anatomical architecture to environmental fluctuations may be linked to other structural modifications in the xylem fiber cells and, consequently, the wood density ( Ziemińska et al, 2013 ; Björklund et al, 2021 ). Wood density is an important wood property for timber production and wood utilization, and it is strongly related to tree C sequestration ( Babst et al, 2014 ).…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Growth and Wood Trait Relationships of Alnus glutinosa in Peatland Forest Stands With Contrasting Water Regimes

et al. 2022

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Human-driven peatland drainage has occurred in Europe for centuries, causing habitat degradation and leading to the emission of greenhouse gases. As such, in the last decades, there has been an increase in policies aiming at restoring these habitats through rewetting. Alder (Alnus glutinosa L.) is a widespread species in temperate forest peatlands with a seemingly high waterlogging tolerance. Yet, little is known about its specific response in growth and wood traits relevant for tree functioning when dealing with changing water table levels. In this study, we investigated the effects of rewetting and extreme flooding on alder growth and wood traits in a peatland forest in northern Germany. We took increment cores from several trees at a drained and a rewetted stand and analyzed changes in ring width, wood density, and xylem anatomical traits related to the hydraulic functioning, growth, and mechanical support for the period 1994–2018. This period included both the rewetting action and an extreme flooding event. We additionally used climate-growth and climate-density correlations to identify the stand-specific responses to climatic conditions. Our results showed that alder growth declined after an extreme flooding in the rewetted stand, whereas the opposite occurred in the drained stand. These changes were accompanied by changes in wood traits related to growth (i.e., number of vessels), but not in wood density and hydraulic-related traits. We found poor climate-growth and climate-density correlations, indicating that water table fluctuations have a stronger effect than climate on alder growth. Our results show detrimental effects on the growth of sudden water table changes leading to permanent waterlogging, but little implications for its wood density and hydraulic architecture. Rewetting actions should thus account for the loss of carbon allocation into wood and ensure suitable conditions for alder growth in temperate peatland forests.

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“…A data adaptive age-dependent spline (ADS -149 Melvin et al, 2007), constrained to retain increasing trends, using the signal-free framework 150 (ADS-SF, hereafter - Melvin & Briffa, 2008) was applied to detrend the raw DBI data. Previous 151 work has shown that this approach captures mid-to-high frequency information very well 152 (Wilson et al, 2019) but it is still susceptible to the loss of potential low frequency information…”

Section: Accepted Articlementioning

confidence: 99%

“…Blue intensity (BI) is a relatively new advancement that uses blue light reflectance properties in high-resolution scans of tree-ring samples to derive a relative-density parameter of the latewood in conifer rings (Björklund et al, 2021;Campbell et al, 2007;Larsson, 2016;McCarroll et al, 2002). BI has proven to be a highly robust climate-sensitive parameter in dendrochronology and has been utilized around the globe (Babst et al, 2016;Björklund et al, 2014Björklund et al, , 2015Björklund et al, , 2019Buckley et al, 2018;Österreicher et al, 2015;Rydval et al, 2014;Wilson et al, 2014Wilson et al, , 2019.…”

mentioning

confidence: 99%

Accelerated Recent Warming and Temperature Variability Over the Past Eight Centuries in the Central Asian Altai From Blue Intensity in Tree Rings

Davi

Rao

Wilson

et al. 2021

Geophysical Research Letters

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Optical blue intensity techniques are used to reevaluate Siberian larch cores, resulting in an eight-century temperature reconstruction • Central Asia warmed rapidly over the past few decades; future projections exceed both observed and reconstructed temperatures • Large tropical volcanic eruptions resulted in about a 0.6 degree C cooling at one-year post event with subsequent cooling for up to 5 years Accepted ArticleThis article has been accepted for publication and undergone full peer review but has not been through the copyediting, typesetting, pagination and proofreading process, which may lead to differences between this version and the Version of Record. Please cite this article as

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Cell wall dimensions reign supreme: cell wall composition is irrelevant for the temperature signal of latewood density/blue intensity in Scots pine

Cited by 32 publications

References 26 publications

The origin of tree-ring reconstructed summer cooling in Northern Europe during the 18th century eruption of Laki

The origin of tree-ring reconstructed summer cooling in Northern Europe during the 18th century eruption of Laki

Growth and Wood Trait Relationships of Alnus glutinosa in Peatland Forest Stands With Contrasting Water Regimes

Accelerated Recent Warming and Temperature Variability Over the Past Eight Centuries in the Central Asian Altai From Blue Intensity in Tree Rings

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