Cell wall formation pathways are differentially regulated in sugarcane contrasting genotypes associated with endophytic diazotrophic bacteria

Sugarcane Genotypes with Contrasting Biological Nitrogen Fixation Efficiencies Differentially Modulate Nitrogen Metabolism, Auxin Signaling, and Microorganism Perception Pathways

“…In addition, most of these genes involved in these specific pathways were upregulated in SP in comparison with CH. Gene families involved in cell wall biosynthesis pathways that were differentially expressed between SP and CH were recently reported by analyses of the same RNA-seq database generated in the present work [ 23 ]. The data show that the gene expression profile is quite different between the two sugarcane genotypes naturally colonized with the diazotrophic bacteria, suggesting that regulation of some pathways in SP and CH might be participating in the control of BNF rates.…”

“…Distinct sugarcane genotypes have different rates of BNF, and plant genetic factors might regulate the efficiency of the process [ 2 , 3 , 13 , 17 ]. An increasing amount of data on plant genes and physiological pathways that are responsive to the endophytic and associative bacteria in non-leguminous plants have been generated in recent years [ 18 , 19 , 20 , 21 , 22 , 23 ].…”

The Impact of Non-Nodulating Diazotrophic Bacteria in Agriculture: Understanding the Molecular Mechanisms That Benefit Crops

“…Moreover, the cell wall determines the size and shape of cells, regulates cell volume and turgor-driven expansion, and plays an important role in the functional specialization of tissues and organs [ 155 ]. Environmental stimuli can alter cell wall structural components, leading to an increase in the composition of receptors, proteins, carbohydrates, and lignin, which can activate signaling to maintain cell wall integrity and the plant defense system [ 154 , 156 ]. Therefore, various processes participating in the establishment of plant–diazotrophic bacteria association might involve regulation of cell wall pathways.…”

“…In addition, bacterial association could modulate plant gene expression related to cell wall formation. Notably, efforts are being made to assess the role of cell wall formation pathways in interactions between grasses and endophytic diazotrophic bacteria [ 82 , 156 ]. Modifications in plant cell wall architecture and composition could have a role in plant growth, as bacterial association can lead to an increase in plant biomass, promoting plant development and changes in root architecture [ 11 , 163 , 164 , 165 ].…”

“…In contrast, genes encoding callose synthase enzymes were only induced in plants inoculated with A. brasilense , showing an opposite expression profile during association with H. seropedicae [ 82 ]. Remarkably, cellulose synthase (CESA) genes such as CESA2 , CESA5 , CESA9 , and CESA4 were more expressed in roots of sugarcane genotype in which BNF is more efficient, suggesting that these bacteria can modulate cellulose biosynthesis [ 156 ] ( Figure 2 ). Furthermore, the same expression profile in two BNF-contrasting genotypes has been observed in sugarcane plants inoculated with diazotrophic bacteria G. diazotrophicus PAL5 [ 156 ].…”