Cell Yield, Proliferation, and Postexpansion Differentiation Capacity of Human Ear, Nasal, and Rib Chondrocytes

Abstract

Human ear, nasal, and rib chondrocytes were compared with respect to their suitability to generate autologous cartilage grafts for nonarticular reconstructive surgery. Cells were expanded for two passages in medium containing 10% fetal bovine serum without (control) or with transforming growth factor beta(1) (TGF-beta(1)), fibroblast growth factor 2 (FGF-2), and platelet-derived growth factor bb (PDGF-bb) (TFP). Expanded cells were cultured as three-dimensional pellets in chondrogenic serum-free medium containing insulin, dexamethasone, and TGF-beta(1). Chondrocytes from all three sources were successfully isolated, increased their proliferation rate in response to TFP, and dedifferentiated during passaging. Redifferentiation by ear and nasal, but not rib, chondrocytes was enhanced after TFP expansion, as assessed by the significant increase in glycosaminoglycan (GAG)/DNA content and collagen type II mRNA expression in the resulting pellets. TFP-expanded ear and nasal chondrocytes generated pellets of better quality than rib chondrocytes, as assessed by the significantly higher GAG/DNA content and collagen type II mRNA expression, and by the relative stain intensities for GAG and collagen types I and II. In conclusion, postexpansion cell yields suggest that all three sources investigated could be used to generate autologous grafts of clinically relevant size. However, ear and nasal chondrocytes, if expanded with TFP, display superior postexpansion chondrogenic potential and may be a preferred cell source for cartilage tissue engineering.

In vitro extracellular matrix accumulation of nasal and articular chondrocytes for intervertebral disc repair

“…In line with several studies using human nasal chondrocytes, we observed that bovine nasal chondrocytes retain good matrix accumulation properties post expansion (Chia et al, 2005;Hellingman et al, 2011;Malda et al, 2004;Richmon et al, 2005;Rotter et al, 2002;Tay et al, 2004). Importantly, physioxia (5% oxygen) is a potent environmental modulator of proliferation and matrix accumulation as demonstrated previously (Buckley et al, 2010;Twu et al, 2014).…”

“…Cell yield from NC was found to be higher compared with AC in line with previous studies (Hellingman et al, 2011;Pleumeekers et al, 2014;Tay et al, 2004). Although higher cell yields have been previously observed in auricular cartilage compared with NC, the ability to produce tissue in an age independent manner makes them an ideal cell source (Rotter et al, 2001(Rotter et al, , 2002Tay et al, 2004).…”

“…Although higher cell yields have been previously observed in auricular cartilage compared with NC, the ability to produce tissue in an age independent manner makes them an ideal cell source (Rotter et al, 2001(Rotter et al, , 2002Tay et al, 2004). Minimal donor site morbidity with a nasal biopsy may facilitate the use of autologous cells and could circumvent concerns surrounding disease transmission, immune rejection and ethical considerations associated with allogeneic tissue (Marmotti et al, 2013).…”

Polímeros bioreabsorvíveis na engenharia de tecidos

“…Liderados mundialmente pelo grupo de pesquisa do cirurgião Joseph P. Vacanti, o anestesiologista Charles Vacanti, ambos da Universidade de Harvard, e pelo engenheiro químico Robert Langer do MIT (Massachusetts Institute of Technology), a literatura tem descrito vários estudos de reconstrução de complexas estruturas anatômicas. Usando suportes de PGA e PLA é relatado reconstruções cartilaginosas na forma de uma orelha humana [58,59] , do septo nasal [60] e traquéia [61] . Preparados pelo processo de fiber bonding o suporte é inoculado com condrócitos e inserido em bioreatores.…”

Meniscus repair and regeneration: review on current methods and research potential

“…Following several experimental studies in animal models for total meniscus replacement (van Tienen et al, 2009;Welsing et al, 2008;Hannink et al, 2011), polyurethanes are now being assessed as alternative biomaterials for partial meniscus replacement. The Actifit™ (Actifit, Orteq Ltd, London, United Kingdom) meniscus implant is a polyurethane-polycaprolactone (PU-PCL)-based synthetic meniscal substitute intended for use in the irreparable, partial meniscal defects Verdonk et al, 2011).…”