Cellular Alterations in Carbohydrate and Lipid Metabolism Due to Interactions with Nanomaterials

Abstract

Nanoparticles (NPs) have unique physicochemical properties that are useful for a broad range of biomedical and industrial applications; nevertheless, increasing concern exists about their biosafety. This review aims to focus on the implications of nanoparticles in cellular metabolism and their outcomes. In particular, some NPs have the ability to modify glucose and lipid metabolism, and this feature is especially interesting to treat diabetes and obesity and to target cancer cells. However, the lack of specificity to reach target cells and the toxicological evaluation of nontargeted cells can potentially induce detrimental side effects, closely related to inflammation and oxidative stress. Therefore, identifying the metabolic alterations caused by NPs, independent of their application, is highly needed. To our knowledge, this increase would lead to the improvement and safer use with a reduced toxicity, increasing the number of available NPs for diagnosis and treatment of human diseases.

Diet Supplementation with Rosemary (Rosmarinus officinalis L.) Leaf Powder Exhibits an Antidiabetic Property in Streptozotocin-Induced Diabetic Male Wistar Rats

“…The findings from this study on the hypolipidemic effect of R. officinalis have also been reported in previous studies [21,35,42]. An atherogenic diet and sedentary lifestyle are among the factors causing increased oxidative stress caused by the damage of cellular lipids, proteins, and carbohydrates [71,72]. Therefore, this study showed that the incorporation of ROP in the diet can have health benefits that can avert many non-communicable diseases (NCDs) such as diabetes, cancer, and cardiovascular diseases.…”

The differential effect of the immune system in breast cancer

“…The immune system of women with breast cancer and undergoing breast cancer surgery is usually compromised. In addition, tumor cells contain antigens that are related to the blood such as Lewis antigens like glycoproteins or glycolipids [35]. Disobedience of cancer cells might be caused by altered structural formation of carbohydrates with lipids or proteins [36].…”

Cellular Alterations Due to Direct and Indirect Interaction of Nanomaterials with Nucleic Acids

“…The rapid development of these peculiar materials in a great variety of fields, however, has led to the need for exhaustive biodistribution and toxicity studies of each specific nanomaterial [6]. Currently, the precise interactions between these material and cells…”

“…The rapid development of these peculiar materials in a great variety of fields, however, has led to the need for exhaustive biodistribution and toxicity studies of each specific nanomaterial [6]. Currently, the precise interactions between these material and cells are not completely understood; key factors such as the size, surface charge or specific functionalization are involved in the cytotoxic effects [7].…”