Cellular and Molecular Processes in Wound Healing

Fernández-Guarino, Montserrat; Hernández-Bule, Maria Luisa; Bacci, Stefano

doi:10.3390/biomedicines11092526

Cited by 34 publications

(21 citation statements)

References 79 publications

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“…These macrophages play a crucial role in phagocytizing bacteria, deceased neutrophils, and damaged tissue ( 7 ). Furthermore, macrophages also secrete growth factors, chemokines, and cytokines, which subsequently induce the migration and proliferation of keratinocytes, fibroblasts, and endothelial cells ( 8 ). Additionally, macrophages contribute to the process of angiogenesis and play a role in the formation of vascularized connective tissue, ultimately resulting in the closure of the wound ( 9 ).…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Hesperidin - loaded PVA/alginate hydrogel: targeting NFκB/iNOS/COX-2/TNF-α inflammatory signaling pathway

Kodous,

Abdel-Maksoud,

El-Tayeb

et al. 2024

Front. Immunol.

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IntroductionSkin injuries represent a prevalent form of physical trauma, necessitating effective therapeutic strategies to expedite the wound healing process. Hesperidin, a bioflavonoid naturally occurring in citrus fruits, exhibits a range of pharmacological attributes, including antimicrobial, antioxidant, anti-inflammatory, anticoagulant, and analgesic properties. The main objective of the study was to formulate a hydrogel with the intention of addressing skin conditions, particularly wound healing.MethodsThis research introduces a methodology for the fabrication of a membrane composed of a Polyvinyl alcohol - Sodium Alginate (PVA/A) blend, along with the inclusion of an anti-inflammatory agent, Hesperidin (H), which exhibits promising wound healing capabilities. A uniform layer of a homogeneous solution comprising PVA/A was cast. The process of crosslinking and the enhancement of hydrogel characteristics were achieved through the application of gamma irradiation at a dosage of 30 kGy. The membrane was immersed in a Hesperidin (H) solution, facilitating the permeation and absorption of the drug. The resultant system is designed to deliver H in a controlled and sustained manner, which is crucial for promoting efficient wound healing. The obtained PVA/AH hydrogel was evaluated for cytotoxicity, antioxidant and free radical scavenging activities, anti-inflammatory and membrane stability effect. In addition, its action on oxidative stress, and inflammatory markers was evaluated on BJ-1 human normal skin cell line.Results and DiscussionWe determined the effect of radical scavenging activity PVA/A (49 %) and PVA/AH (87%), the inhibition of Human red blood cell membrane hemolysis by PVA/AH (81.97 and 84.34 %), hypotonicity (83.68 and 76.48 %) and protein denaturation (83.17 and 85.8 %) as compared to 250 μg/ml diclofenac (Dic.) and aspirin (Asp.), respectively. Furthermore, gene expression analysis revealed an increased expression of genes associated with anti-oxidant and anti-inflammatory properties and downregulated TNFα, NFκB, iNOS, and COX2 by 67, 52, 58 and 60%, respectively, by PVA/AH hydrogel compared to LPS-stimulated BJ-1 cells. The advantages associated with Hesperidin can be ascribed to its antioxidant and anti-inflammatory attributes. The incorporation of Hesperidin into hydrogels offers promise for the development of a novel, secure, and efficient strategy for wound healing. This innovative approach holds potential as a solution for wound healing, capitalizing on the collaborative qualities of PVA/AH and gamma irradiation, which can be combined to establish a drug delivery platform for Hesperidin.

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Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Hesperidin - loaded PVA/alginate hydrogel: targeting NFκB/iNOS/COX-2/TNF-α inflammatory signaling pathway

Kodous,

Abdel-Maksoud,

El-Tayeb

et al. 2024

Front. Immunol.

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“…Recent research in wound healing has focused on understanding the molecular and cellular mechanisms involved in each phase, as well as developing new therapeutic strategies to improve wound healing outcomes [ 13 ]. Wound healing is divided into four overlapping phases: hemostasis, inflammation, proliferation, and remodeling/maturation [ 13 , 14 ].…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…These processes result in the production of vasoactive compounds that play a role in the vasodilation and relaxation of arterial vessels. This phase typically lasts only a few minutes [ 13 , 15 ].…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…In the late stage of inflammation, a switch of macrophage phenotypes from pro-inflammatory (M1 phagocytic) to anti-inflammatory (M2 pro-regenerative) along with neutrophil apoptosis occurs [ 19 ]. Additionally, other cell types such as keratinocytes contribute to this process by releasing inflammatory cytokines [ 13 ]. Studies have also shown that Langerhans’ cells, a subpopulation of dendritic cells, rapidly increase in number within the first hour after injury, intervening in the initial phase of wound healing, secreting factors that trigger the proliferation of cells involved in this phenomenon [ 20 ].…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…The fibroblasts, in addition to being involved in the formation of granulation tissue, are involved in the regulation of both keratinocyte migration and proliferation other than in angiogenesis. Apart from these cell types, macrophages and mast cells consistently release growth factors that are involved in this process [ 13 , 15 ].…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

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First-Intention Incisional Wound Healing in Dogs and Cats: A Controlled Trial of Dermapliq and Manuka Honey

Gouletsou,

Zacharopoulou,

Skampardonis

et al. 2024

Veterinary Sciences

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This study aimed to compare incisional wound healing in cats and dogs after the topical application of Μanuka honey and a new medical device, Dermapliq. Comparisons were made between each treatment and control, between the two treatments, and between dogs and cats. Twelve cats and twelve dogs were included in this study, and the impact of the two substances was examined through cosmetic, clinical, ultrasonographical, and histological evaluation. The use of Dermapliq in first-intention wound healing achieved a significantly better cosmetic evaluation score and better total clinical score at days 20–41, compared to the control, in both dogs and cats. The ultrasonographically estimated wound area was smaller with Dermapliq compared to the control. Wounds treated with Dermapliq showed histologically less inflammation compared to the control. The use of Manuka honey did not show a significantly better cosmetic score compared to the control. Skin thickening was significantly higher after using Manuka honey compared to the control and so was the total clinical score. However, the median wound area, as was evaluated ultrasonographically, was significantly smaller when wounds were treated with Manuka honey, the difference being more apparent in dogs. Dermapliq was proven to be a better choice in achieving favorable wound healing than Manuka honey in dogs and cats in first-intention healing. In our study, cats had a statistically better cosmetic score and less skin thickening and scar width compared to dogs. Histologically, cats showed significantly less edema, higher inflammation and angiogenesis scores, and lower fibroblast and epidermis thickening scores when compared to dogs.

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Advanced Drug Delivery Systems for Topical Insulin in Diabetic Wound Healing

Barkhordari,

Shahi,

Khonakdar

2024

ChemistrySelect

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Diabetes mellitus is a chronic condition characterized by impaired insulin production or utilization, leading to serious complications such as diabetic foot ulcers (DFUs). DFUs are chronic wounds with high levels of inflammatory cytokines, arterial occlusion, and persistent infection, often resulting in significant morbidity. Traditional treatment methods, including debridement, offloading, and infection control, have shown limited success, prompting the exploration of novel therapeutic strategies. Insulin, known for its role in glucose metabolism, also possesses wound‐healing properties by promoting cell proliferation, protein synthesis, and modulating inflammation. However, systemic insulin administration is not ideal due to hypoglycemia risks and difficulties in achieving therapeutic concentrations at wound sites. This review focuses on advanced drug delivery systems for the topical application of insulin in wound dressings. Various delivery platforms, including hydrogels, nanoparticles, liposomes, and microemulsions have been developed to optimize insulin bioavailability, protect it from degradation, and ensure controlled release. These systems aim to enhance the management of diabetic wounds by addressing the multifactorial nature of wound healing complications in diabetic patients. The review provides a comprehensive overview of current advancements, evaluates the efficacy of these systems in preclinical and clinical studies, and discusses the challenges and future perspectives in this field. By highlighting the potential of these innovative approaches, this review underscores the promise of advanced topical insulin delivery systems in improving diabetic wound management and patient outcomes.

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Cellular and Molecular Processes in Wound Healing

Cited by 34 publications

References 79 publications

Hesperidin - loaded PVA/alginate hydrogel: targeting NFκB/iNOS/COX-2/TNF-α inflammatory signaling pathway

Hesperidin - loaded PVA/alginate hydrogel: targeting NFκB/iNOS/COX-2/TNF-α inflammatory signaling pathway

First-Intention Incisional Wound Healing in Dogs and Cats: A Controlled Trial of Dermapliq and Manuka Honey

Advanced Drug Delivery Systems for Topical Insulin in Diabetic Wound Healing

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