Cellular apoptosis and nitric oxide production in PBMC and spleen from dogs with visceral leishmaniasis

Abstract

Nitric oxide (NO) is involved in the death of the Leishmania parasite and regulation of apoptosis. We quantified the frequency of cells producing NO and its levels in the peripheral blood mononuclear cells (PBMC), leukocytes from spleen in Visceral Leishmaniasis (VL) symptomatic dogs and correlated NO levels with apoptosis and parasite load in the spleen. The percentage of NO+ cells and CD14+/NO+ was higher in PBMC and spleen cells in infected dogs than in controls. The levels of NO+ and CD14+/NO+ cells was higher in PBMC, but lower spleen of dogs infected than compared to control. Late apoptosis rates increased in PBMC and spleen of infected dogs compared to controls, and the NO levels and apoptosis not showed correlation. There was a positive correlation between the percentage of cells producing NO in the spleen and parasite load. The NO participates in the immune response in the canine VL, but it is not apoptosis inducer.

MicroRNA-21 and microRNA-148a affects PTEN, NO and ROS in canine leishmaniasis

“…In our study, NO concentration was lower in SLs in the CanL group, confirming a result previously observed in CanL ( Martini et al, 2018 ). NO production was associated with microbicidal activity in CanL ( Vouldoukis et al, 1996 ), and its low production by macrophages could explain the high parasite replication observed in the spleens of the CanL group.…”

“…In the spleen, granulomas can form with macrophage infiltration and rare plasma cells and lymphocytes ( Moreira et al, 2016 ). In dogs with visceral leishmaniasis, the number of macrophages in the spleen is significantly elevated ( Taffuri et al, 1996 ; Martini et al, 2018 ).…”

Antiparasitic Effects of Sulfated Polysaccharides from Marine Hydrobionts

“…In another series of experiments, mice were infected and then treated with fucoidan and AMT (2-amino-5,6-dihydro-6-methyl-4H-1,3-thiazine). This compound is a known inhibitor of the enzyme NO synthase (NOS) [82]. Mice treated with AMT had a weaker reduction in parasitic load than those treated with fucoidan.…”

An Overview of Immunotherapeutic Approaches Against Canine Visceral Leishmaniasis: What Has Been Tested on Dogs and a New Perspective on Improving Treatment Efficacy

“…In contrast, the type 2 immune response, characterized IL-4, IL-5, IL-10, and TGF-β cytokines, is related to susceptibility in CVL (Sanches et al, 2014;Rodríguez-Cortés et al, 2016;Rodriguez-Cortes et al, 2017;Rossi et al, 2016;Solano-Gallego et al, 2016;Solcà et al, 2016;Tonin et al, 2016;De Martini et al, 2018). These susceptible dogs manifest a common pattern in the progression of clinical signs, with severity and variety of signs increasing with disease progression, in which most clinicopathological changes become evident after 12 months of infection (Foglia Manzillo et al, 2013).…”