Cellular Internalization of Exosomes Occurs Through Phagocytosis

Feng, Du; Zhao, Wen; Ye, Yun Ying; Bai, Xiao Chen; Liu, Rui Qin; Chang, Lei; Zhou, Qiang; Sui, Sen-Fang

doi:10.1111/j.1600-0854.2010.01041.x

Cited by 838 publications

(721 citation statements)

References 67 publications

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“…However evidences have also been reported for internalisation of exosomes by recipient cells ( [23], [71], [53]) and the extent of exosome internalization might depend upon the phagocytic capabilities of the recipient cell [76]. In any cases, since miRNA vehiculated by exosomes are able to modulate genes in a target cell [23], this indicates that exosomes are able to deliver their content into the recipient cells.…”

Section: Exosome Internalizationmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…However exosomes exit the cell as aggregates in activated T cells [80], and natural transfer of exosomes between two different type of cells in co-culture by macropinocytosis has been recently reported [81]. In hematopoietic-derived cell lines (K562, MT4) exosomes were shown to enter cells via phagocytosis and not by macropinocytosis or by internalization pathways involving caveolae or clathrin-coated vesicles [76]. In the mast cell line RBL-2H3, exosome internalization occurs after a lag time of about 15-20 min, and thereafter accumulated in late endosomes (MVB) of target cells following a sustained pulse [9].…”

Section: Exosome Internalizationmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…Thus, multiple PS binding proteins on recipient cell are susceptible to link exosomes, and this includes several classes of scavenger receptors, integrins, complement receptors and CD14 [5] and PS receptors [74]. Two PS receptors have been described, i.e TIM1 and TIM-4 (T-cell Immunoglobulin -Mucin domain containing molecules 4) which recognizes PS via the immunoglobulin domain, but it is TIM-4 which preferentially binds exosomes and mediates their engulfment [75].…”

Section: Molecular Interaction Of Exosomes With Recipient Cell Peripherymentioning

confidence: 99%

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Exosomes as intercellular signalosomes and pharmacological effectors

Record

Subra

Silvente-Poirot

et al. 2011

Biochemical Pharmacology

481

336

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International audienceCell secretion is a general process involved in various biological responses. Exosomes are part of this process and have gained considerable scientific interest in the past five years. Several steps through investigations across the last 20years can explain this interest. First characterized during reticulocyte maturation, they were next characterized as a key player in the immune response and cancer immunotherapy. More recently they were characterized as vectors of mRNAs, miRNAs and also lipid mediators able to act on target cells. They are the only type of vesicles released from an intracellular compartment from cells in viable conditions. They appear as a vectorized signaling system operating from inside a donor cell towards either the periphery, the cytosol, or possibly to the nucleus of target cells. Exosomes from normal cells trigger positive effects, whereas those from pathological ones, such as tumor cells or infected ones may trigger non-positive health effects. Therefore regulating the biogenesis and secretion of exosomes appear as a pharmacological challenge to intervene in various pathophysiologies. Exosome biogenesis and molecular content, interaction with target cells, utilisation as biomarkers, and functional effects in various pathophysiologies are considered in this review

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Section: Exosome Internalizationmentioning

confidence: 99%

Section: Exosome Internalizationmentioning

confidence: 99%

Section: Molecular Interaction Of Exosomes With Recipient Cell Peripherymentioning

confidence: 99%

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Exosomes as intercellular signalosomes and pharmacological effectors

Record

Subra

Silvente-Poirot

et al. 2011

Biochemical Pharmacology

481

336

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“…A second limitation is that future studies should focus on the mechanisms in PBC by which exosomes are internalized by phagocytosis or macropinocytosis. 47,48 Exosomes carry autoantigens as reflected in multiple autoimmune disease. 6,38 Once exosomes are internalized by DCs, autoantigens can be processed and further activated APCs via up-regulated co-stimulatory molecules.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

The modulation of co-stimulatory molecules by circulating exosomes in primary biliary cirrhosis

et al. 2015

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Exosomes are nanoparticles of endocytic origin, secreted by a myriad of cell populations that are attracting increased attention by virtue of their ability to modulate cell-to-cell communications. They are also attracting attention in a variety of immunological issues, including autoimmunity and, in particular, their ability to regulate cytokine and chemokine activation. Primary biliary cirrhosis (PBC) is considered a model autoimmune disease, which has a highly focused cytotoxic response against biliary epithelial cells. We have isolated exosomes from plasma from 29 patients with PBC and 30 healthy controls (HCs), and studied the effect of these exosomes on co-stimulatory molecule expression and cytokine production in mononuclear cell populations using an ex vivo system. We also identified the microRNA (miRNA) populations in PBC compared to HC exosomes. We report herein that although exosomes do not change cytokine production, they do significantly alter co-stimulatory molecule expression on antigen-presenting populations. Further, we demonstrated that CD86 up-regulated expression on CD14 1 monocytes, whereas CD40 up-regulated on CD11c 1 dendritic cells by exosomes from patients with PBC. In addition, there were differences of miRNA expression of circulating exosomes in patients with PBC. These data have significant importance based on observations that co-stimulatory molecules play a differential role in the regulation of T-cell activation. Our observation indicated that aberrant exosomes from PBC selectively induce expression of co-stimulatory molecules in different subset of antigen-presenting cells. These alterations may involve in pathogenesis of autoimmune liver disease. Cellular & Molecular Immunology

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“…Exosome internalization/uptake by target cells appears to depend upon the type of recipient cells. Some evidence suggests that the internalization of exosomes by recipient cells occurs through phagocytosis (Morelli et al , 2004 ;Valadi et al , 2007 ;Skog et al , 2008 ) and that the extent of exosome uptake may depend upon the phagocytic capabilities of the recipient cell (Feng et al , 2010 ). Moreover, macropinocytosis may represent an alternative way through which exosomes may transfer their content between two different cell types (Fitzner et al , 2011 ).…”

Section: Exosome Uptakementioning

confidence: 99%

Exosomes: the ideal nanovectors for biodelivery

Fais

Logozzi

Lugini

et al. 2012

Biological Chemistry

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Nanomedicine aims to exploit the improved and often novel physical, chemical, and biological properties of materials at the nanometric scale, possibly with the highest level of biomimetism, an approach that simulates what occurs in nature. Although extracellularly released vesicles include both microvesicles (MVs) and exosomes, only exosomes have the size that may be considered suitable for potential use in nanomedicine. In fact, recent reports have shown that exosomes are able to interact with target cells within an organ or at a distance using different mechanisms. Much is yet to be understood about exosomes, and currently, we are looking at the visible top of an iceberg, with most of what we have to understand on these nanovesicles still under the sea. In fact, we know that exosomes released by normal cells always trigger positive effects, whereas those released by cells in pathological condition, such as tumor or infected cells, may induce undesired, dangerous, and mostly unknown effects, but we cannot exclude the possibility that exosomes may also be detrimental for the body in normal conditions. However, whether we consider extracellular vesicles as a whole, thus including MVs, it appears that even in normal conditions, extracellular vesicles may lead to unwanted effects, depending on gender and age. This review aims to critically emphasize existing data in the literature that support the possible roles of exosomes in both diagnostic and therapeutic scopes.

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Cellular Internalization of Exosomes Occurs Through Phagocytosis

Cited by 838 publications

References 67 publications

Exosomes as intercellular signalosomes and pharmacological effectors

Exosomes as intercellular signalosomes and pharmacological effectors

The modulation of co-stimulatory molecules by circulating exosomes in primary biliary cirrhosis

Exosomes: the ideal nanovectors for biodelivery

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