Cellular Invasion and Matrix Degradation, a Different Type of Matrix-Degrading Cells in the Cartilage of Catfish (Clarias gariepinus) and Japanese Quail Embryos (Coturnix coturnix japonica)

Abstract

We previously studied the phenomena of the mesenchymal cell-dependent mode of cartilage growth in quail and catfish. Thus, we selected the two cartilage models in which mesenchymal cells participate in their growth. In such models, cartilage degradation occurred to facilitate cellular invasion. The studies do not explain the nature of the cartilage degrading cells. The current study aims to explore the nature of the cartilage-degrading cells using transmission electron microscopy (TEM) and immunohistochemistry. Samples of cartilage have been isolated from the air-breathing organ of catfish and the cartilage of the prospective occipital bone of quail embryos. Samples have been processed for TEM and immunohistochemistry. We found that two different cell types are involved in cartilage degradation; the macrophage in the cartilage of catfish and mesenchymal cells in the cartilage of the quail. Areas of cellular invasion in both catfish cartilage and quail embryo cartilage had an immunological affinity for MMP-9. In catfish, cartilage-degrading cells had identical morphological features of macrophages, whereas in quail embryos, cartilage-degrading cells were mesenchymal-like cells which had cell processes rich in vesicles and expressed CD117. Further study should consider the role of macrophage and mesenchymal cells during cartilage degradation. This could be valuable to be applied to remove the defective cartilage matrix formed in osteoarthritic patients to improve cartilage repair strategies.

Morphological and immunohistochemical phenotype of TCs in the intestinal bulb of Grass carp and their potential role in intestinal immunity

“…The procedure was performed according to that of Hoff et al modified by Refs. 27,[44][45][46][47][48] . Acridine Orange is a cationic dye and stains proteins-containing membranous vesicles including secretory vesicles, membrane bounded acidic compartments, and lysosomes that had an acidic nature.…”

Architecture and Cellular Composition of the Spleen in the Japanese Quail (Coturnix japonica)

“…All the colored elements were hand-colored with Adobe Photoshop software CS6 to increase the visual contrast between several histological structures on the electron micrographs (Soliman et al, 2019; Yousef et al, 2019).…”

Morphological and Histochemical Characterization of the Dermal Plates of Pleco (Hypostomus plecostomus)

“…The paraffin-embedded sections were stained according to the procedure of Hoff et al (1985) with modifications according to Abdel-Hakeem et al (2019); Abdel-Maksoud et al (2019); Soliman (2019 a ); Soliman et al (2019); Yousef et al (2019); and Mahmoud et al (2020). The sections were then analyzed using a Leitz DM 2500 microscope with an external fluorescent unit (Leica EL 6000).…”

“…Negative images were obtained using the CMEIAS Color Segmentation, an improved computer program that can process color images by segmenting the foreground objects of interest from the background. Each negative image was obtained through the following steps: the image was opened with CMEIAS Color Segmentation, “Process” was selected from the menu, and “Negative image” was chosen (Gross et al, 2010; Abd-Elkareem, 2017; Abdel-Maksoud et al, 2019; Mustafa, 2019; Soliman et al, 2019).…”