Cellulase-Assisted Extraction, Characterization, and Bioactivity against Rheumatoid Arthritis of Astragalus Polysaccharides

Abstract

This study investigated the effect of cellulase on the isolation of crude Astragalus polysaccharide (APS), analyzed the monosaccharide component of deproteinized APS, detected the molecular weights of purified APS, and examined the biological activities and the preliminary mechanism against rheumatoid arthritis (RA). Compared with water extraction method, cellulase-assisted extraction increased the yield of crude APS to 154% and polysaccharide contents to 121%. Crude APS was then purified by ethanol precipitation, Sevag deproteinization, and high-performance liquid chromatography (HPLC) analysis; monosaccharide contents of APS were different after cellulase-assisted method, especially galacturonic acid content which significantly increased. DEAE-52 cellulose column chromatography isolated three polysaccharide fractions, including a neutral polysaccharide (APS-water) and two acidic polysaccharides (APS-NaCl1 and APS-NaCl2). Using high-performance gel permeation chromatography (HPGPC), the molecular weights of APS-water, APS-NaCl1, and APS-NaCl2 were identified as 67.7 kDa, 234.1 kDa, and 189.4 kDa, respectively. Then their therapeutic effects and possible mechanism against RA were explored using type II collagen-induced arthritis (CIA) rat model. APS could significantly reduce paw swelling, serum concentration of IL-1β and TNF-α, and the expression levels of NF-κB-p65 and IκBα in synovial membranes in CIA rats. Our study indicated that cellulase significantly increases the yield and polysaccharide contents of crude APS, improves the product quality, and preserves the biological features against RA in CIA rats.

Cedrol from ginger alleviates rheumatoid arthritis through dynamic regulation of intestinal microenvironment

“…Inhibition of inflammatory response was considered to be essential for the anti-RA activity of drugs. 42 With the occurrence of RA, the inflammatory cells residing in the joint released pro-inflammatory mediators, which in turn promoted the infiltration of inflammatory cells into the joint, aggravated the secretion of pro-inflammatory mediators, and worsened RA through a vicious circle. 43 In the cycle, pro-inflammatory mediators, especially IL-6, IL-1 β , and TNF- α could activate synovial fibroblast and further lead to synovial hyperplasia.…”

Current Status of Mining, Modification, and Application of Cellulases in Bioactive Substance Extraction

“…Compared with the water extraction method, the cellulase-assisted extraction increased crude APS yields to 154% and polysaccharide content to 121%. The monosaccharide composition of the APS was changed and the galacturonic acid content increased significantly [70]. Park et al used Bacillus amylolus DL-3 cellulase to extract reducing sugars from the fruit of Hovenia dulcis, which increased sugar release and reduced extraction temperature and time.…”

Synthesis, characterization, and antioxidant activity in vitro of selenium-Euryale ferox Salisb. polysaccharide

“…Compared with that of polysaccharide, the microstructure of selenium-polysaccharide may be changed. Furthermore, it is a consensus that the activity of polysaccharide and its microstructure are strongly linked [22][23][24].…”