Cellulolytic Cocci Occurring in the Rumen of Sheep Conditioned to Lucerne Hay

Kistner, A.; Gouws, L.

doi:10.1099/00221287-34-3-447

Cited by 20 publications

(13 citation statements)

References 32 publications

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“…albus in mixed culture with a H2-utilizing bacterium. R. albus is a cellulolytic bacterium that was shown to produce ethanol, acetate, formate, H2, and CO2 (some strains produce small amounts of succinate and lactate) from cellobiose (1,9). We planned to mix R. albus with Vibrio succinogenes, an organism that can obtain energy for growth by coupling the oxidation of H2 or formate with the reduction of fumarate to succinate.…”

Section: Iannotti Et Almentioning

confidence: 99%

“…Hungate studied the growth of R. albus in continuous culture, but he did not characterize the fermentation products (6). Fermentation product analyses for R. albus were done in batch cultures with cellobiose as the substrate (1,9), but these were not complete balances. In addition, there is no guarantee that batch and continuous-culture fermentations will be the same.…”

Section: Iannotti Et Almentioning

confidence: 99%

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Glucose Fermentation Products of Ruminococcus albus Grown in Continuous Culture with Vibrio succinogenes: Changes Caused by Interspecies Transfer of H2

Iannotti¹,

Kafkewitz²,

Wolin³

et al. 1973

Journal of Bacteriology

260

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The influence of a H2-utilizing organism, Vibrio succinogenes, on the fermentation of limiting amounts of glucose by a carbohydrate-fermenting, H2-producing organism, Ruminococcus albus, was studied in continuous cultures. Growth of V. succinogenes depended on the production of H2 from glucose by R. albus. V. succinogenes used the H2 produced by R. albus to obtain energy for growth by reducing fumarate in the medium. Fumarate was not metabolized by R. albus alone. The only products detected in continuous cultures of R. albus alone were acetate, ethanol, and H2. CO2 was not measured. The only products detected in the mixed cultures were acetate and succinate. No free H2 was produced. No formate or any other volatile fatty acid, no succinate or other dicarboxylic acids, lactate, alcohols other than ethanol, pyruvate, or other keto-acids, acetoin, or diacetyl were detected in cultures of R. albus alone or in mixed cultures. The moles of product per 100 mol of glucose fermented were approximately 69 for ethanol, 74 for acetate, 237 for H2 for R. albus alone and 147 for acetate and 384 for succinate for the mixed culture. Each mole of succinate is equivalent to the production of 1 mol of H2 by R. albus. Thus, in the mixed cultures, ethanol production by R. albus is eliminated with a corresponding increase in acetate and H2 formation. The mixed-culture pattern is consistent with the hypothesis that nicotinamide adenine dinucleotide (reduced form), formed during glycolysis by R. albus, is reoxidized during ethanol formation when R. albus is grown alone and is reoxidized by conversion to nicotinamide adenine dinucleotide and H2 when R. albus is grown with V. succinogenes. The ecological significance of this interspecies transfer of H2 gas and the theoretical basis for its causing changes in fermentation patterns of R. albus are discussed. Fermentation products, particularly ethanol and lactate, of pure cultures of a number of important rumen bacteria are not usually formed nor are they usually significant intermediates in the rumen fermentation (7). The major products of the fermentation of ingested food, mainly plant carbohydrates, by the mixed rumen microbial population are acetic, propionic, and butyric acids, and the gases CH, and CO2 (7). Hungate (7) suggested that, in the rumen, the electrons derived from the oxidation of fermentation substrates by carbohydrate-fermenting, ethanolor lactate-producing rumen

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Section: Iannotti Et Almentioning

confidence: 99%

Section: Iannotti Et Almentioning

confidence: 99%

Glucose Fermentation Products of Ruminococcus albus Grown in Continuous Culture with Vibrio succinogenes: Changes Caused by Interspecies Transfer of H2

Iannotti¹,

Kafkewitz²,

Wolin³

et al. 1973

Journal of Bacteriology

260

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“…Only traces of lactic acid and hydrogen were produced (Kistner and Gouws 1964). According to Joyner and Baldwin (1966), all the rumen bacteria studied by them, with the exception of Peptostreptococcus elsdenii, appeared to have the coli-type phosphoroclastic system.…”

Section: Ruminococcus Albusmentioning

confidence: 97%

“…The latter was a variant of strain 22.08.6A, described by Kistner and Gouws (1964). It was isolated from a continuous culture on a defined medium with glucose as the growth-limiting substrate which had been run for 2 weeks at a dilution rate of 0.1 h-l.…”

Section: Organismsmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…Members of the genus Ruminococcus occur in numbers of lo7 to 10' colonyproducing units/g of rumen contents in animals on a wide variety of diets. In contrast, butyrivibrios appear to be of significance in cellulose digestion in the rumen mainly when low-protein 'Received January 3, 1973. diets are fed and viable counts on cellulo~e agar 2Present address: National Research Institute for are usually of the order of 106-107/~ of sample The end products of in vitro fermentation of carbohydrate by these organisms are well known (Hungate 1950;Bryant and Small 1956;Bryant et al 1958;Kistner and Gouws 1964;Shane et al 1969;Van Gylswyk and RochC 1970), but little is known about the metabolic pathways leading to these end products. This is important because the assimilation of nitrogen by the bacteria of the rumen, and hence the availability of bacterial protein to the animal, depends on the amount of lnetabolically useful energy the organisms can extract from their substrates (Walker 1965;Hogan and Weston 1970).…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

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Enzymes of intermediary metabolism of Butyrivibrio fibrisolvens and Ruminococcus albus grown under glucose limitation

Kistner¹,

Kotzé²

1973

Can. J. Microbiol.

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KISTNER, A., and J. P. KOTZB. 1973. Enzymes of intermediary metabolism of Butyriuibrio fibrisoluens and Ruminococcus albus grown under glucose limitation. Can. J. Microbiol. 19: 1119-1127. A survey was made of enzyme activities in cell-free extracts prepared from one strain each of B~rtyriuibriofibrisoluerrs and Ruminococcus albus, two anaerobic cellulolytic rumen bacteria, which had been grown in continuous culture on a defined medium under glucose limitation. In both organisms the enzymes of the glycolytic sequence up to the cleavage of hexosediphosphate were demonstrated, except that 6-phosphofructokinase activity in B.fibrisoluer~s was barely measurable. Instead, l-phosphofructokinase was found in this organism. The role of this enzyme in glucose-grown cells is uncertain. Phosphopyruvate hydratase and pyruvate kinase could not be detected in R. albus extracts and their activities were extremely low in B.fibrisolvens, thus posing a problem as to pyruvate production in these organisms. At least part of the tricarboxylic acid cycle appeared to be functional in both organisms.Since several or the enzymes of this cycle in B. fibrisoluer~s were NADP-dependent, rather than NAD-dependent, and other workers have shown that fumarate reductase activity exceeds succinate dehydrogenase activity by more than 3 :1, it is suggested that the tricarboxylic acid cycle may operate as a reductive cycle in this organism. Both organisms possessed fairly high activities of glutamate dehydrogenase and aspartate aminotransferase. The information obtained is inadequate to map out the pathways leading to the main end products of glucose fermentation.KISMER, A., et J. P. KorzB. 1973. Enzymes of intermediary metabolism of Butyriuibrio fibrisoluer~s and Ruminococc~s albus grown under glucose limitation. Can. J. Microbiol. 19: 11 19-1 127. Une etude a Ct C faite des activites enzymatiques d'extraits acellulaires prepares a partir d'une lignCe de chacune de deux bactkries cellulotiques anairobiques du rumen, Butyrivibriofibrisoluens et R~~mir~ococc~rs albus, lesquelles se sont dCveloppCes en culture continue dans un milieu defini sous des limitations de glucose. Chez les deux organismes, les enzymes de la sequence glycolytique jusqu'au clivage de l'hexosediphosphate furent dCmontrkes, except6 celui de la 6-phosphofructokinase chez B. fibrisoluens qui est rarement mesurable; cependant, la 1-phosphofructokinase est trouvte chez cet organisme. Le r81e de cette enzyme cllez des cellules dCveloppCes sur glucose est incertain. L'hydratase phosphopyruvate et ]a kinase pyruvate ne peuvent pas Ctre dCtectCes de R. albus et leurs activitks sont extrhement faibles chez B.fibrisolvens, posant alors un problkme en regard de la protection du pyruvate chez ces organisnles. AU moins une partie du cycle de I'acide tricarboxylique apparait &re fonctionnelle chez ces deux organismes.Coinme plusieurs des enzymes de ce cycle chez B. fibrisoluerrs sont dependants du NADP, au lieu du NAD, et que d'autres chercheurs ont montrk que I'activite de la reductase du funl...

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Hydrogen production from sugars and sweet sorghum biomass using Ruminococcus albus

Ντάϊκου

Gavala

Kornaros

et al. 2008

International Journal of Hydrogen Energy

163

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Cellulolytic Cocci Occurring in the Rumen of Sheep Conditioned to Lucerne Hay

Cited by 20 publications

References 32 publications

Glucose Fermentation Products of Ruminococcus albus Grown in Continuous Culture with Vibrio succinogenes: Changes Caused by Interspecies Transfer of H2

Glucose Fermentation Products of Ruminococcus albus Grown in Continuous Culture with Vibrio succinogenes: Changes Caused by Interspecies Transfer of H2

Enzymes of intermediary metabolism of Butyrivibrio fibrisolvens and Ruminococcus albus grown under glucose limitation

Hydrogen production from sugars and sweet sorghum biomass using Ruminococcus albus

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