“…The bio-refining of BSG and techno-economic analysis is reported by Mussatto et al (2006). Nano-cellulose has been reported to be prepared from a wide range of sources, including raw cotton linter (Morais et al 2013), sisal fibres (Morán et al 2008), sugarcane bagasse (Mandal and Chakrabarty 2011), oil palm empty-fruit-bunch (Fahma et al 2010), rice husk, (Ludueña et al 2011), wood (Abe et al 2007), bamboo (Abe and Yano 2009), cotton (Morais et al 2013), soy hulls (Alemdar and Sain 2008), hemp (Wang et al 2007), branch-barks of mulberry (Li et al 2009), pineapple leaf fibres (Cherian et al 2010), pea hull fibre (Chen et al 2009), coconut husk fibres (Rosa et al 2010), banana rachis (Zuluaga et al 2009) and sugar beet (Dufresne et al 1997;Dinand et al 1999). In a very recent study (Berglund et al 2016), production of CNF from BSG has been reported using an ultragrinding method with a main focus on energy consumption and feasibility of the process.…”