Cellulose nanofibers isolation and characterization from ramie using a chemical-ultrasonic treatment

Preparation and characterization of cellulose nanocrystal extracted from ramie fibers by sulfuric acid hydrolysis

“…The slight difference was probably due to the slight difference in sulfuric acid concentration where Habibi et al [28] used 65% H 2 SO 4 solution in the hydrolysis process. The obtained crystallinity index was much higher compared to that declared by Syafri et al [29] producing cellulose nanofibers from the ramie fibers with 73.65% crystallinity index. This difference was associated with the different methods used where Syafri et al [29] used mixed chemical-ultrasonic method.…”

“…The obtained crystallinity index was much higher compared to that declared by Syafri et al [29] producing cellulose nanofibers from the ramie fibers with 73.65% crystallinity index. This difference was associated with the different methods used where Syafri et al [29] used mixed chemical-ultrasonic method. The crystallite size of CNCs made at various hydrolysis conditions was computed according to the Scherrer equation (Eq.…”

“…They concluded that the Langmuir-Schaeffer (LS) horizontal deposition method was obtained appropriate for preparing stable, strong monolayers of CNCs from sisal, cotton, and ramie. Recently, cellulose nanofibers produced from ramie fibers by a combined chemical-ultrasonic method were demonstrated by Syafri et al [29]. They obtained the cellulose nanofibers with 9.9-89.1 nm in diameter and 1 μm in length, respectively.…”

“…Several methods for producing nanocelluloses including cellulose nanocrystals (CNCs), cellulose nanofibers (CNFs), and bacterial nanocelluloses (BNCs) have been used by numerous researchers [2] such as the mechanical method [30,31], TEMPO oxidative method [32], ionic liquid method [33], enzymatic method [34], combination method (oxidative or enzymatic and mechanical) [35,36,37], sulfuric acid hydrolysis [13,14,15], hydrochloric acid hydrolysis [38,39], phosphoric acid hydrolysis [40,41], formic acid hydrolysis [42], combined sulfuric acid/oxalic acid hydrolysis [43], mixed sulfuric acid/acetic acid hydrolysis [44], FeCl 3 -catalyzed deep eutectic solvent system (DES) treatment [45], and mixed chemical-ultrasonic treatments [29]. Among all these methods, sulfuric acid hydrolysis has been recognized as the method most widely used for preparing CNCs because the process is simple and results in nanoparticle (100-1000 nm) with highly crystalline and stiff.…”

Comparative Study of the Physical and Tensile Properties of Jicama (Pachyrhizus erosus ) Starch Film Prepared Using Three Different Methods

“…Figure a displays FTIR curves of the films produced using each treatment. Bands in the 3500–3200, 2927, 1645 cm −1 ranges correspond to O–H stretching, C–H stretching, O–H of absorbed water, respectively . All the films show similar patterns confirming the treatments did not alter the functional groups of the starch.…”