Cellulose synthesis via the FEI2 RLK/SOS5 pathway and CELLULOSE SYNTHASE 5 is required for the structure of seed coat mucilage in Arabidopsis

Harpaz‐Saad, Smadar; McFarlane, Heather E.; Xu, Shan-Mei; Divi, Uday K.; Forward, Bronwen; Western, Tamara L.; Kieber, Joseph J.

doi:10.1111/j.1365-313x.2011.04760.x

Cited by 133 publications

(216 citation statements)

References 49 publications

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“…The role of SOS5 in mucilage adherence is more difficult to explain. SOS5 null mutations cause a loss-of-adherence phenotype similar to cesa5-1 seeds, suggesting that SOS5 may regulate mucilage adherence by influencing CESA5 function (Harpaz-Saad et al, 2011). However, the mechanism through which SOS5 could influence CESA5 and/or cellulose biosynthesis is not clear.…”

mentioning

confidence: 92%

“…Recently, CELLULOSE SYNTHASE5 (CESA5) and SOS5 were proposed to facilitate cellulose-mediated mucilage adherence (Harpaz-Saad et al, 2011;Mendu et al, 2011;Sullivan et al, 2011). A simple hypothesis for the role of CESA5 in mucilage adherence is that it synthesizes cellulose, which interacts with the mucilage pectin to mediate adherence.…”

mentioning

confidence: 99%

“…SOS5 is involved in regulation of cell wall rheology through a pathway involving two Leu-rich repeat receptor-like kinases, FEI1 and FEI2 (Xu et al, 2008). SOS5 and FEI2 are also required for normal seed coat mucilage adherence and hypothesized to do so by influencing cellulose biosynthesis (Harpaz-Saad et al, 2011.…”

mentioning

confidence: 99%

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SALT-OVERLY SENSITIVE5 Mediates Arabidopsis Seed Coat Mucilage Adherence and Organization through Pectins

Griffiths¹,

Tsai²,

Xue

et al. 2014

Plant Physiology

135

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Interactions between cell wall polymers are critical for establishing cell wall integrity and cell-cell adhesion. Here, we exploit the Arabidopsis (Arabidopsis thaliana) seed coat mucilage system to examine cell wall polymer interactions. On hydration, seeds release an adherent mucilage layer strongly attached to the seed in addition to a nonadherent layer that can be removed by gentle agitation. Rhamnogalacturonan I (RG I) is the primary component of adherent mucilage, with homogalacturonan, cellulose, and xyloglucan constituting minor components. Adherent mucilage contains rays composed of cellulose and pectin that extend above the center of each epidermal cell. CELLULOSE SYNTHASE5 (CESA5) and the arabinogalactan protein SALT-OVERLY SENSITIVE5 (SOS5) are required for mucilage adherence through unknown mechanisms. SOS5 has been suggested to mediate adherence by influencing cellulose biosynthesis. We, therefore, investigated the relationship between SOS5 and CESA5. cesa5-1 seeds show reduced cellulose, RG I, and ray size in adherent mucilage. In contrast, sos5-2 seeds have wild-type levels of cellulose but completely lack adherent RG I and rays. Thus, relative to each other, cesa5-1 has a greater effect on cellulose, whereas sos5-2 mainly affects pectin. The double mutant cesa5-1 sos5-2 has a much more severe loss of mucilage adherence, suggesting that SOS5 and CESA5 function independently. Doublemutant analyses with mutations in MUCILAGE MODIFIED2 and FLYING SAUCER1 that reduce mucilage release through pectin modification suggest that only SOS5 influences pectin-mediated adherence. Together, these findings suggest that SOS5 mediates adherence through pectins and does so independently of but in concert with cellulose synthesized by CESA5.

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confidence: 92%

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confidence: 99%

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SALT-OVERLY SENSITIVE5 Mediates Arabidopsis Seed Coat Mucilage Adherence and Organization through Pectins

Griffiths¹,

Tsai²,

Xue

et al. 2014

Plant Physiology

135

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“…Small amounts of cellulose, arabinan, and galactan were also found in Arabidopsis seed mucilage (Willats et al, 2001a;Macquet et al, 2007a;Young et al, 2008). Recent studies showed that cellulose plays an adhesive role for the attachment of mucilage pectin to the seed coat epidermal cells (Harpaz-Saad et al, 2011;Mendu et al, 2011;Sullivan et al, 2011). Variations in both mucilage composition and structure have been observed in other plants (Anderson, 1933;Muralikrishna et al, 1987;Naran et al, 2008).…”

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confidence: 92%

GALACTURONOSYLTRANSFERASE-LIKE5 Is Involved in the Production of Arabidopsis Seed Coat Mucilage

et al. 2013

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The function of a putative galacturonosyltransferase from Arabidopsis (Arabidopsis thaliana; At1g02720; GALACTURONOSYLTRANSFERASE-LIKE5 [AtGATL5]) was studied using a combination of molecular genetic, chemical, and immunological approaches. AtGATL5 is expressed in all plant tissues, with highest expression levels in siliques 7 DPA. Furthermore, its expression is positively regulated by several transcription factors that are known to regulate seed coat mucilage production. AtGATL5 is localized in both endoplasmic reticulum and Golgi, in comparison with marker proteins resident to these subcellular compartments. A transfer DNA insertion in the AtGATL5 gene generates seed coat epidermal cell defects both in mucilage synthesis and cell adhesion. Transformation of atgatl5-1 mutants with the wild-type AtGATL5 gene results in the complementation of all morphological phenotypes. Compositional analyses of the mucilage isolated from the atgatl5-1 mutant demonstrated that galacturonic acid and rhamnose contents are decreased significantly in atgatl5-1 compared with wild-type mucilage. No changes in structure were observed between soluble mucilage isolated from wild-type and mutant seeds, except that the molecular weight of the mutant mucilage increased 63% compared with that of the wild type. These data provide evidence that AtGATL5 might function in the regulation of the final size of the mucilage rhamnogalacturonan I.

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“…In Arabidopsis, FLA3 is involved in microspore development (Li et al, 2010a). Knockout of AtFLA4 resulted in abnormal cell expansion, thinner cell walls, increased sensitivity to salt, and a reduction in the rays of cellulose across the seed mucilage inner layer (Shi et al, 2003;Harpaz-Saad et al, 2011). AtFLA11 and AtFLA12 contribute to stem strength by regulating cellulose deposition and to stem elasticity by affecting the integrity of the cell wall matrix (MacMillan et al, 2010).…”

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confidence: 99%

A Fasciclin-Like Arabinogalactan Protein, GhFLA1, Is Involved in Fiber Initiation and Elongation of Cotton

et al. 2013

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Arabinogalactan proteins (AGPs) are involved in many aspects of plant development. In this study, biochemical and genetic approaches demonstrated that AGPs are abundant in developing fibers and may be involved in fiber initiation and elongation. To further investigate the role of AGPs during fiber development, a fasciclin-like arabinogalactan protein gene (GhFLA1) was identified in cotton (Gossypium hirsutum). Overexpression of GhFLA1 in cotton promoted fiber elongation, leading to an increase in fiber length. In contrast, suppression of GhFLA1 expression in cotton slowed down fiber initiation and elongation. As a result, the mature fibers of the transgenic plants were significantly shorter than those of the wild type. In addition, expression levels of GhFLAs and the genes related to primary cell wall biosynthesis were remarkably enhanced in the GhFLA1 overexpression transgenic fibers, whereas the transcripts of these genes were dramatically reduced in the fibers of GhFLA1 RNA interference plants. An immunostaining assay indicated that both AGP composition and primary cell wall composition were changed in the transgenic fibers. The levels of glucose, arabinose, and galactose were also altered in the primary cell wall of the transgenic fibers compared with those of the wild type. Together, our results suggested that GhFLA1 may function in fiber initiation and elongation by affecting AGP composition and the integrity of the primary cell wall matrix.

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Cellulose synthesis via the FEI2 RLK/SOS5 pathway and CELLULOSE SYNTHASE 5 is required for the structure of seed coat mucilage in Arabidopsis

Cited by 133 publications

References 49 publications

SALT-OVERLY SENSITIVE5 Mediates Arabidopsis Seed Coat Mucilage Adherence and Organization through Pectins

SALT-OVERLY SENSITIVE5 Mediates Arabidopsis Seed Coat Mucilage Adherence and Organization through Pectins

GALACTURONOSYLTRANSFERASE-LIKE5 Is Involved in the Production of Arabidopsis Seed Coat Mucilage

A Fasciclin-Like Arabinogalactan Protein, GhFLA1, Is Involved in Fiber Initiation and Elongation of Cotton

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