Cement Kiln Dust (CKD) as a Partial Substitute for Cement in Pozzolanic Concrete Blocks

Ahmed, Haitham M.; Hefni, Mohammed A.; Ahmed, Hussin A. M.; Saleem, Hussein A.

doi:10.3390/buildings13020568

Cited by 6 publications

(2 citation statements)

References 29 publications

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“…Ahmed et al [30] examined the absorbability of concrete for the addition of CKD at 5, 10, 15, and 20% after 28 days of curing. For this purpose, they made cylindrical samples with a diameter of 100 mm and a height of 200 mm.…”

Section: Absorbabilitymentioning

confidence: 99%

Influence of Cement Kiln Dust on Long-Term Mechanical Behavior and Microstructure of High-Performance Concrete

Smarzewski,

Błaszczyk

2024

Materials

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Cement production in the world market is steadily increasing. In 2000, it was 1600 million tons, while as of 2013, the annual amount exceeded 4000 million tons. The burning of cement clinker is associated with the generation of waste. It is estimated that the amount of cement kiln dust (CKD), during combustion, reaches about 15–20%, which means 700 million tons per year. However, not all types of by-products are reusable due to high alkali, sulfate, and chloride contents, which can adversely affect the environment. One environmentally friendly solution may be to use CKD in the production of high-performance concrete (HPC), as a substitute for some of the cement. This paper presents a study of the short- and long-term physical and mechanical properties of HPC with 5%, 10%, 15%, and 20% CKD additives. The experiments determined density, water absorption, porosity, splitting tensile strength, compressive strength, modulus of elasticity, ultrasonic pulse velocity, and evaluated the microstructure of the concrete. The addition of CKD up to 10% caused an increase in the 28- and 730-day compressive strengths, while the values decreased slightly when CKD concentration increased to 20%. Splitting tensile strength decreased proportionally with 5–20% amounts of CKD regardless of HPC age. Porosity, absorbability, and ultrasonic pulse velocity decreased with increasing cement dust, while the bulk density increased for HPC with CKD. Microstructure analyses showed a decrease in the content of calcium silicate hydrate (C–S–H), acceleration of setting, and formation of wider microcracks with an increase in CKD. From the results, it was shown that a 15% percentage addition of CKD can effectively replace cement in the production of HPC and contribute to reducing the amount of by-product from the burning of cement clinker.

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Section: Absorbabilitymentioning

confidence: 99%

Influence of Cement Kiln Dust on Long-Term Mechanical Behavior and Microstructure of High-Performance Concrete

Smarzewski,

Błaszczyk

2024

Materials

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“…It is collected from the exhaust gases to prevent air pollution and collected in particulate matter control devices. CKD is rich in mineralogical composition comprising calcium oxide and silica, hence can act as an effective binding agent reducing the reliability on traditional materials [8].…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Key durability characteristics of GGBS-cement kiln dust based concretes

Ioannou,

Chowdhury,

Al-Qarawi

et al. 2024

EJCEA

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With the advent of global warming, the concrete industry has the potential to drive the future of construction through sustainable cement technologies. These technologies rely on activation of industrial waste materials, such as Cement Kiln Dust (CKD) and Ground Granulated Blast Furnace Slag (GGBS) while Portland cement (PC) content is maintained at a minimum, resulting in concrete products of reduced embodied carbon footprint. This work reports on the durability of mixes made from PC, GGBS and CKD at incremental contents of 40-75% and 0-35% for GGBS and CKSD, respectively, in an attempt to identify durable formulations while maintaining blends at low embodied CO2 emissions in the Sultanate of Oman. Dimensional changes, sulfate and chloride resistance, as well as surface resistivity were determined and compared to those of a PC-based concrete formulation. The results suggest that, when GGBS and CKD were incorporated within the mix at an optimum content of 55% and 20% respectively, the concretes appeared to have exhibited promising durability characteristics which could lead towards the material’s implementation within a greater context.

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Utilization of Industrial and Agro-based By-products to Develop Sustainable Controlled Low Strength Material

Aggarwal,

Goyal,

Kumar

2024

Arab J Sci Eng

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Cement Kiln Dust (CKD) as a Partial Substitute for Cement in Pozzolanic Concrete Blocks

Cited by 6 publications

References 29 publications

Influence of Cement Kiln Dust on Long-Term Mechanical Behavior and Microstructure of High-Performance Concrete

Influence of Cement Kiln Dust on Long-Term Mechanical Behavior and Microstructure of High-Performance Concrete

Key durability characteristics of GGBS-cement kiln dust based concretes

Utilization of Industrial and Agro-based By-products to Develop Sustainable Controlled Low Strength Material

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