Cement Microstructure: Fostering Photocatalysis

Abstract

The singularities and the qualities of the hydrated cement microstructure have been identified by researchers as enhancers to promote photocatalytic processes, mediated by titanium dioxide, to create environment-friendly cement. In this chapter, we intend to expose the microstructural characteristics of cement and those aspects that make it possible for the promotion of photocatalytic activity. Within the inherent complexity of the cement microstructure, we describe a framework of two key elements in the microstructure of this material that affects the promotion of TiO 2 photocatalysis, to offer a more comprehensive view of the physical-chemical processes involved. These elements are: the porosity and the nanostructure of the C-S-H. This framework is also a starting point for future studies that seek to improve the photocatalytic response of titanium dioxide inserted in the cement matrix, as well as to provide implications for the application of photocatalytic cement technology in the construction materials industry.

Experimental studies on rheological, mechanical, and microstructure properties of self‐compacting concrete containing perovskite nanomaterial

“…Among many perovskite oxides, the LaSrCoO 3 commonly known as LSCO nanomaterial, has recently been used to improve the tensile and flexural strength of cement mortar 41 . LSCO nanoparticles have exhibited small particle size distribution, 41 which provides denser cement microstructure 1, 3, 6, 41–45 . Perovskite nanomaterials also show high chemical activity, high melting point and effective reduction capacity of NOx and SO 2 41, 42 .…”

“…41 LSCO nanoparticles have exhibited small particle size distribution, 41 which provides denser cement microstructure. 1,3,6,[41][42][43][44][45] Perovskite nanomaterials also show high chemical activity, high melting point and effective reduction capacity of NOx and SO 2 . 41,42 These facts made it extremely attractive for achieving a more sustainable cement-based material.…”

Controlled Synthesis and Microstructural Properties of Sol-Gel TiO2 Nanoparticles for Photocatalytic Cement Composites

“…The photocatalytic performance of titania has been found to be even more efficient if the semiconductor is in nanoparticle form [14], due to its high specific surface area to volume ratio, which enables improvements in catalysis. Besides, a cement matrix provides an adequate support with porous microstructure and large internal specific surface area, which enhances the photocatalytic activity [15]. Additionally, titania nanoparticles have unique physical properties that can add smart functionality to cementitious materials beyond the photocatalytic properties.…”