Central mechanisms of odour object perception

Gottfried, Jay A.

doi:10.1038/nrn2883

Cited by 454 publications

(398 citation statements)

References 166 publications

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“…5. This is consistent with hippocampal involvement in this type of rapid associative learning behavior in primary olfactory cortex, insula, and orbitofrontal cortex (Gottfried 2010; Henke 2010). As such, the network connectivity under our paradigm reflects a combined trace of multisensory association (or integration) across olfactory structures which are retrieved during the visual‐only conditions.…”

Section: Resultssupporting

confidence: 81%

“…2014). The two IC maps shows clear distinction in functional specialization for anterior and posterior aspects of the primary olfactory‐related brain structures (Gottfried 2010). The PON1 encompasses hippocampal activation that may be related to implicit and explicit memory demands under the stimulation sequence in our paradigms (Schendan et al.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…2014). Deciphering the underlying mechanisms of odor learning will further our understanding of olfactory information processing and will lay the foundation to delineate the specific contributions of olfactory cortex to odor perception (Anderson and Sobel 2003; Gottfried 2010). …”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

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Rapidly acquired multisensory association in the olfactory cortex

et al. 2015

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BackgroundThe formation of an odor percept in humans is strongly associated with visual information. However, much less is known about the roles of learning and memory in shaping the multisensory nature of odor representations in the brain.MethodThe dynamics of odor and visual association in olfaction was investigated using three functional magnetic resonance imaging (fMRI) paradigms. In two paradigms, a visual cue was paired with an odor. In the third, the same visual cue was never paired with an odor. In this experimental design, if the visual cue was not influenced by odor–visual pairing, then the blood‐oxygen‐level‐dependent (BOLD) signal elicited by subsequent visual cues should be similar across all three paradigms. Additionally, intensity, a major dimension of odor perception, was used as a modulator of associative learning which was characterized in terms of the spatiotemporal behavior of the BOLD signal in olfactory structures.ResultsA single odor–visual pairing cue could subsequently induce primary olfactory cortex activity when only the visual cue was presented. This activity was intensity dependent and was also detected in secondary olfactory structures and hippocampus.ConclusionThis study provides evidence for a rapid learning response in the olfactory system by a visual cue following odor and visual cue pairing. The novel data and paradigms suggest new avenues to explore the dynamics of odor learning and multisensory representations that contribute to the construction of a unified odor percept in the human brain.

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Section: Resultssupporting

confidence: 81%

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

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Rapidly acquired multisensory association in the olfactory cortex

et al. 2015

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“…Olfaction is considered a synthetic rather than analytical sensory system (20)(21)(22)(23)(24). For example, humans are very poor at identifying components in a mixture, even when they are familiar with the components alone (5-7).…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Perceptual convergence of multi-component mixtures in olfaction implies an olfactory white

Weiss

Snitz

Yablonka

et al. 2012

Proc. Natl. Acad. Sci. U.S.A.

133

125

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In vision, two mixtures, each containing an independent set of many different wavelengths, may produce a common color percept termed "white." In audition, two mixtures, each containing an independent set of many different frequencies, may produce a common perceptual hum termed "white noise." Visual and auditory whites emerge upon two conditions: when the mixture components span stimulus space, and when they are of equal intensity. We hypothesized that if we apply these same conditions to odorant mixtures, "whiteness" may emerge in olfaction as well. We selected 86 molecules that span olfactory stimulus space and individually diluted them to a point of about equal intensity. We then prepared various odorant mixtures, each containing various numbers of molecular components, and asked human participants to rate the perceptual similarity of such mixture pairs. We found that as we increased the number of nonoverlapping, equal-intensity components in odorant mixtures, the mixtures became more similar to each other, despite not having a single component in common. With ∼30 components, most mixtures smelled alike. After participants were acquainted with a novel, arbitrarily named mixture of ∼30 equal-intensity components, they later applied this name more readily to other novel mixtures of ∼30 equal-intensity components spanning stimulus space, but not to mixtures containing fewer components or to mixtures that did not span stimulus space. We conclude that a common olfactory percept, "olfactory white," is associated with mixtures of ∼30 or more equal-intensity components that span stimulus space, implying that olfactory representations are of features of molecules rather than of molecular identity.odor | sensory perception | smell

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“…D'un point de vue neuro-anatomique, l'olfaction est interconnectée, par un réseau réciproque d'axones, aux aires cérébrales gérant les émotions (amygdale et cortex orbitofrontal) et la mémoire (hippocampe) (Gottfried, 2010). La perception olfactive est modulée par les expériences et/ou les états physiologiques.…”

Section: Odeur Et éMotionunclassified

Quand l’atmosphère sent le soufre. Perception des pollutions odorantes

Bushdid¹,

Topin²,

Golebiowski³

2017

Pollution Atmosphérique

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RésuméDans nos sociétés industrialisées, nous vivons quotidiennement avec des nuisances sensorielles telles que les pollutions sonores, visuelles ou odorantes. Cet article passe en revue les mécanismes qui nous permettent de détecter la pollution volatile. L'impact sur nos émotions est abordé, dans la mesure où le sens de l'odorat est intimement lié aux aires cérébrales qui contrôlent notre état d'anxiété. Une description de la chimie de quelques molécules odorantes associées à cette pollution est ensuite abordée. Enfin, un point détaillé sur la physiologie du système olfactif périphérique est présenté. Les mécanismes qui nous permettent de percevoir ces odeurs font intervenir nos neurones olfactifs, situés en haut de notre cavité nasale. Ces derniers expriment pas moins de 400 types de récepteurs olfactifs. Ces récepteurs, ainsi que les événements dits « péri-récepteurs » peuvent être considérés comme la pierre angulaire de notre sens de l'odorat. Mots-clésodorants, pollution, physiologie, émotions, mauvaises odeurs AbstractIn our industrial societies, we lived with sensory nuisances such as noise, visual and odorant pollutions. We review the mechanism of the sense of smell and how odorant pollution can affect us emotionally. The sense of smell is intimately connected to brain areas that control our anxiety. Then, the chemical structures of malodorous compounds are discussed. The physiology of the peripheral olfactory system is then described. The atomistic-level mechanisms responsible for our sense of smell involve our olfactory sensory neurons, located at the top of our nasal cavity. They express ~400 types of odorant receptors. These receptors and the so-called peri-receptor events can be considered as the cornerstone of olfaction.

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Central mechanisms of odour object perception

Cited by 454 publications

References 166 publications

Rapidly acquired multisensory association in the olfactory cortex

Rapidly acquired multisensory association in the olfactory cortex

Perceptual convergence of multi-component mixtures in olfaction implies an olfactory white

Quand l’atmosphère sent le soufre. Perception des pollutions odorantes

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