Central Nervous System Infection

Ahmed, Taha

doi:10.1007/978-3-030-33803-9_9

Cited by 1 publication

(1 citation statement)

References 84 publications

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“…Increased ICP during alphavirus encephalitis has been reported in humans [45][46][47][48][49]. Increases of ICP are typically a delayed and indirect result of brain injury, which ultimately leads to inflammation and swelling; in addition, inflammation and swelling of deep brain structures can affect venous drainage and CSF circulation, thus leading to a secondary rise in ICP.…”

Section: Intracranial Pressurementioning

confidence: 99%

Applications of minimally invasive multimodal telemetry for continuous monitoring of brain function and intracranial pressure in macaques with acute viral encephalitis

Lundy

Cottle

et al. 2020

PLoS ONE

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Alphaviruses such as Venezuelan equine encephalitis virus (VEEV) and Eastern equine encephalitis virus (EEEV) are arboviruses that can cause severe zoonotic disease in humans. Both VEEV and EEEV are highly infectious when aerosolized and can be used as biological weapons. Vaccines and therapeutics are urgently needed, but efficacy determination requires animal models. The cynomolgus macaque (Macaca fascicularis) provides a relevant model of human disease, but questions remain whether vaccines or therapeutics can mitigate CNS infection or disease in this model. The documentation of alphavirus encephalitis in animals relies on traditional physiological biomarkers and behavioral/neurological observations by veterinary staff; quantitative measurements such as electroencephalography (EEG) and intracranial pressure (ICP) can recapitulate underlying encephalitic processes. We detail a telemetry implantation method suitable for continuous monitoring of both EEG and ICP in awake macaques, as well as methods for collection and analysis of such data. We sought to evaluate whether changes in EEG/ICP suggestive of CNS penetration by virus would be seen after aerosol exposure of naïve macaques to VEEV IC INH9813 or EEEV V105 strains compared to mock-infection in a cohort of twelve adult cynomolgus macaques. Data collection ran continuously from at least four days preceding aerosol exposure and up to 50 days thereafter. EEG signals were processed into frequency spectrum bands (delta: [0.4-4Hz); theta: [4-8Hz); alpha: [8-12Hz); beta: [12-30] Hz) and assessed for viral encephalitis-associated changes against robust background circadian variation while ICP data was assessed for signal fidelity, circadian variability, and for meaningful differences during encephalitis. Results indicated differences in delta, alpha, and beta band magnitude in infected macaques, disrupted circadian rhythm, and proportional increases in ICP in response to alphavirus infection. This novel enhancement of the cynomolgus

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Section: Intracranial Pressurementioning

confidence: 99%