Central nervous system infection is an important cause of death in underfives hospitalised with World Health Organization (WHO) defined severe and very severe pneumonia

Lupisan, Socorro; Ruutu, Petri; Abucejo-Ladesma, P. Erma; Quiambao, Beatriz P.; Gozum, Lorena S.; Sombrero, Lydia; Romano, Vicente; Riley, Ian; Simões, Eric A F

doi:10.1016/j.vaccine.2006.09.017

Cited by 6 publications

(4 citation statements)

References 26 publications

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“…The findings of this study are in conformity with other studies conducted in the Philippines [ 14 , 15 ] and in other Asian countries [ 4 ] reporting a similar clinical picture in patients with a WHO-defined pneumonia. The case fatality rate of 0.5% observed in the severe pneumonia group was similar to that in a recent multi-centre study evaluating antimicrobial treatment alternatives for WHO-defined severe pneumonia [ 16 ], but lower than the 2.1% and 12% mortality described in Bohol, the Philippines during 1990's and in Lombok, Indonesia among children hospitalised for acute lower respiratory infection, respectively [ 17 , 18 ]. This may reflect the different patterns in care seeking behaviour and access to care.…”

Section: Discussionsupporting

confidence: 79%

Clinical case review: A method to improve identification of true clinical and radiographic pneumonia in children meeting the World Health Organization definition for pneumonia

et al. 2008

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Section: Discussionsupporting

confidence: 79%

Clinical case review: A method to improve identification of true clinical and radiographic pneumonia in children meeting the World Health Organization definition for pneumonia

et al. 2008

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“…Infiltrates on chest radiographs read by an experienced paediatric study radiologist not privy to clinical information were described as dense or diffuse (Lupisan et al. 2007).…”

Section: Methodsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Pneumonia among young infants in rural Southeast Asia (Bohol Island, Philippines)

Quiambao

Ruutu

Ladesma

et al. 2009

Tropical Med Int Health

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Summaryobjective To develop a clinical algorithm that can be used to identify pneumonia deaths in young infants in developing countries and estimate the disease burden in this population.patients and methods Infants younger than 60 days hospitalized with signs of severe pneumonia who underwent clinical, microbiologic and radiological evaluation were the subjects. Stepwise logistic regression and subtractive iterative process were used to derive the algorithm.results Three-hundred and one infants had either clinical or radiographic pneumonia. The case fatality rate for 185 infants with radiographic pneumonia was 21% vs. 5% for clinical pneumonia. Age below 7 days was associated with an increased risk of dying. Among 7-to 59-day-old infants, poor feeding, cyanosis and absence of crackles were predictors of death from pneumonia. Using logistic regression, an algorithm consisting of any one of three clinical signs (cyanosis, poor feeding and abnormally sleepy) was developed in infants aged 7-59 days; 80% of deaths and 50% of those with radiographic pneumonia have at least one of these signs. It performed better than both the WHO case management algorithm and the IMCI algorithm.

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“…Anteroposterior and lateral chest radiographs were taken upon admission. Interpretation was performed by a designated radiologist trained in the standard interpretation of chest radiographs for the diagnosis of childhood pneumonia, as developed by the WHO Pneumonia Vaccine Trial Investigators' Group [23].…”

Section: Radiological Assessmentmentioning

confidence: 99%

Respiratory viruses from hospitalized children with severe pneumonia in the Philippines

et al. 2012

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BackgroundPneumonia remains a leading cause of child death in developing countries. The viruses in severe pneumonia remain poorly defined.MethodsThe study was conducted at the Eastern Visayas Regional Medical Center in Tacloban City, Philippines from May 2008 to May 2009. Patients aged 8 days to 13 years old who were admitted to the Department of Pediatrics with severe pneumonia were enrolled for the study. Upon admission, polymerase chain reaction was performed using nasopharyngeal swabs and blood cultures to detect respiratory viruses and bacteria, respectively.ResultAmong the 819 patients enrolled, at least one virus was detected in 501 cases (61.2%). In addition, 423 cases were positive for a single virus while bacteria were detected in the blood culture sample of 31 cases. The most commonly detected viruses were human rhinoviruses (n = 189), including types A (n = 103), B (n = 17), and C (n = 69), and respiratory syncytial virus (RSV) (n = 165). Novel viruses such as human metapneumovirus, human coronavirus NL63, human bocavirus, and human polyomaviruses WU and KI were also detected. There were 70 deaths, and one or more viruses were detected in 35 (50%) of these cases. Positivity only for influenza A virus (OR = 4.3, 95% CI = 1.3-14.6) was significantly associated with fatal outcome. From the blood culture, Burkholderia cepacia group (n = 9), Streptococcus pneumoniae (n = 4), Staphylococcus aureus (n = 4), Haemophilus influenzae (n = 1), and Salmonella C1 (n = 1) were also isolated.ConclusionViruses were commonly detected in children with severe pneumonia in the Philippines. Hence, viral etiologies should be considered while developing better effective strategies to reduce child pneumonia-related deaths in developing countries.

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Central nervous system infection is an important cause of death in underfives hospitalised with World Health Organization (WHO) defined severe and very severe pneumonia

Cited by 6 publications

References 26 publications

Clinical case review: A method to improve identification of true clinical and radiographic pneumonia in children meeting the World Health Organization definition for pneumonia

Clinical case review: A method to improve identification of true clinical and radiographic pneumonia in children meeting the World Health Organization definition for pneumonia

Pneumonia among young infants in rural Southeast Asia (Bohol Island, Philippines)

Respiratory viruses from hospitalized children with severe pneumonia in the Philippines

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