Central precocious puberty as a prelude of gonad dysplasia

Abstract

There is increasing evidence that patients with gonad dysplasia, as characterized by absent or incomplete puberty, can also exhibit central precocious puberty (CPP). Herein, we review the reported cases that manifest with both gonad dysplasia and CPP. Further, we examine the hypothesis that these patients exhibit a normal hypothalamic-pituitarygonadal axis, hypogonadism, and the presence of residual gonadal function, and that the onset of disease is related to early initiation of the hypothalamic-pituitary-gonadal axis. Thus, we suggest that CPP is a prelude of some partial hypogonadism.

Diagnostic Value of LH Peak Value of the GnRH Stimulation Test for Girls with Precocious Puberty and Its Correlation with Body Mass Index

“…In recent years, with the development of society and the change of lifestyle, the daily intake of hormone-containing food and drugs by children has increased, resulting in an increased incidence of precocious puberty children [ 11 ]. Precocious puberty mainly refers to the development of secondary sexual characteristics before the age of 8 in girls and 9 in boys, among which the incidence of precocious puberty in girls is about 5 times that of boys, and precocious puberty children are prone to depression, inferiority complex, and other emotions, which affect their physical and mental health, resulting in an early closure of the epiphysis that makes the child's actual height lower than genetic expectations [ 12 ].…”

Age and Gender-Specific Reference Intervals for Uric Acid Level in Children Aged 5–14 Years in Southeast Zhejiang Province of China: Hyperuricemia in Children May Need Redefinition

“…Uric acid increased rapidly in girls at the age of 9 years and boys at the age of 10 years, and this was consistent with the development of puberty. In China, it's normal for girls to enter puberty after 9 years old, and 10 for boys ( 15 ).…”

Idiopathic central precocious puberty in a Klinefelter patient: highlights on gonadotropin levels and pathophysiology

“…This suggests that gonadotropin reserve correlates with the degree of testicular destruction, which is maximal in 48,XXYY patients. This hypothesis is also supported by the description of ICPP cases in patients with Turner syndrome and cryptorchidism [5,41,42]. Indeed, the testicular destruction and/or higher estrogen levels in Klinefelter patients would increase the hypothalamic/pituitary gonadotropin reserve and explain why these patients have higher basal and GnRH-stimulated LH and FSH levels during ICPP.…”

“…4 Centre Jean Perrin, Service de Médecine nucléaire, F-63003 Clermont-Ferrand, France. 5 CHU Clermont-Ferrand, service de cytogénétique médicale, F-63003 Clermont-Ferrand, France. 6…”

“…Unlike delayed puberty, CPP remains idiopathic in most of the cases (ICPP) [ 4 ]. Many observations suggest a possible link between chromosomal anomalies and PP, especially in Klinefelter syndrome (KS) [ 5 – 7 ]. KS is the most frequent dysgonosomia in boys that leads to incomplete puberty and hypergonadotropic hypogonadism [ 8 ].…”