Central Retinal Artery Occlusion

Hayreh, Sohan Singh

doi:10.1007/978-3-319-12781-1_13

Cited by 3 publications

(1 citation statement)

References 411 publications

Supporting

Mentioning

Contrasting

Order By: Relevance

“…Ischemic disorders of the optic nerve constitute an important cause of visual loss (7,30). For example, ischemic optic neuropathy, an acute disorder of the optic nerve, is now known to be a common yet serious vision-threatening disease in middle-aged and elderly populations (13,72).…”

mentioning

confidence: 99%

Different effect of serotonin on intracellular calcium ion dynamics in the smooth muscle cells between rat posterior ciliary artery and vorticose vein

et al. 2016

View full text Add to dashboard Cite

5-hydroxytriptamine (5-HT: serotonin) is an important transmitter that causes vessel constriction, although few studies have examined the effect of 5-HT on venous smooth muscles. The intracellular Ca 2+ concentration ([Ca 2+ ] i ) plays an essential role in stimulus-response coupling in numerous tissue/cells including vascular smooth muscle cells. The present study was performed to examine whether differences between arteries and veins in the response to 5-HT can be detected under confocal microscope with respect to [Ca 2+ ] i dynamics. In posterior ciliary arteries of rats, 5-HT induced a [Ca 2+ ] i increase. The 5-HT-induced responses were caused by both Ca 2+ influx and mobilization. Agonist and antagonist experiments revealed that arterial smooth muscles possess 5-HT 1a, 1b, 2 (Gprotein-coupled type) and 5-HT 3 (ion channel type) receptors, and that 5-HT 2 in particular plays a major role in these responses. For vorticose veins, the 5-HT-induced responses were also caused by both Ca 2+ influx and mobilization. However, the cAMP dependent pathway (5-HT 4-7 ) was found to be significant in vasocontraction with respect to 5-HT in these vessels. Thus, Ca 2+ mobilization was induced by 5-HT 2 and 5-HT 4-7 in a vessel-dependent manner, whereas Ca 2+ influx universally was induced by 5-HT 3 . These results indicate that the posterior ciliary arteries and vorticose veins in the same tissue might differ greatly in their responses to stimulus.Retinal vein occlusion is the second most common retinal vascular disorder after diabetic retinopathy and is considered to be an important cause of visual impairment (9, 54). Ischemic disorders of the optic nerve constitute an important cause of visual loss (7, 30). For example, ischemic optic neuropathy, an acute disorder of the optic nerve, is now known to be a common yet serious vision-threatening disease in middle-aged and elderly populations (13,72). Similarly, evidence is mounting that vascular insufficiency in the intraorbital portion of the optic nerve might play an important role in amorose glaucomatous optic neuropathy and papilloedema (65, 83). The main vascular sources of the intraorbital portion of the optic nerve consist of the branches of the posterior ciliary artery and the central retinal artery (29,36,50,79). The choroid blood vessels of the eye provide 80-95% of the blood to the ocular structures including the outer retina and ciliary processes (6). The central retinal artery supplies the optic nerve and the inner retina, while the posterior ciliary artery pierces the sclera to enter the choroidal coat of the eye. The central retinal artery ends without significant anastomoses (32). The choroidal vessels are innervated by sympathetic and parasympathetic nerves; the parasympathetic innervation of the choroid derives from the ipsilateral pterygopalatine ganglion (59). Parasympathetic nerve stimulation produces nitric oxide-mediated vasodilation, which

show abstract

mentioning

confidence: 99%

Different effect of serotonin on intracellular calcium ion dynamics in the smooth muscle cells between rat posterior ciliary artery and vorticose vein

et al. 2016

View full text Add to dashboard Cite

show abstract

Evaluating the Recommended Indications of HBOT

Gupta,

Somasundaram

2023

Hyperbaric Oxygen Therapy: Principles and Applications

View full text Add to dashboard Cite

Central retinal artery occlusion

Hayreh

2018

Indian J Ophthalmol

114

View full text Add to dashboard Cite

The pathogeneses, clinical features, and management of central retinal artery occlusion (CRAO) are discussed. CRAO consists of the following four distinct clinical entities: non-arteritic CRAO (NA-CRAO), transient NA-CRAO, NA-CRAO with cilioretinal artery sparing, and arteritic CRAO. Clinical characteristics, visual outcome, and management very much depend upon the type of CRAO. Contrary to the prevalent belief, spontaneous improvement in both visual acuity and visual fields does occur, mainly during the first 7 days. The incidence of spontaneous visual acuity improvement during the first 7 days differs significantly (P < 0.001) among the four types of CRAO; among them, in eyes with initial visual acuity of counting finger or worse, visual acuity improved, remained stable, or deteriorated in NA-CRAO in 22%, 66%, and 12%, respectively; in NA-CRAO with cilioretinal artery sparing in 67%, 33%, and none, respectively; and in transient NA-CRAO in 82%, 18%, and none, respectively. Arteritic CRAO shows no change. Recent studies have shown that administration of local intra-arterial thrombolytic agent not only has no beneficial effect but also can be harmful. Investigations to find the cause and to prevent or reduce the risk of any further visual problems are discussed. Prevalent multiple misconceptions on CRAO are discussed.

show abstract

Central Retinal Artery Occlusion

Cited by 3 publications

References 411 publications

<b>Different effect of serotonin on intracellular calcium ion dynamics in the smooth muscle cells between rat posterior ciliary artery and vorticose </b><b>vein </b>

<b>Different effect of serotonin on intracellular calcium ion dynamics in the smooth muscle cells between rat posterior ciliary artery and vorticose </b><b>vein </b>

Evaluating the Recommended Indications of HBOT

Central retinal artery occlusion

Contact Info

Product

Resources

About